DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, SIR C.R.REDDY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ELURU, W.G.DT.
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Presented by…,
G.B.K.CHAITANYA, A.BRAMARAMBIKA
III YEAR, B.E. III YEAR, B.E.
Email:Chaitanya_ece11[at]yahoo.co.in Email: Bramarambika_ambati@yaho o.com
ABSTRACT :
Now a days consumer products like washing machine, microwave oven, and cellphone
to industries digital technology plays a major role. But we have not yet used this
technology in bikes. What my idea of making u se of this tech. in bikes is a complete
digital bike operating system sans key. According to my invention key is not required
to operate a bike
opening
automatically by pressing a single button. To start the bike a four -digit password has to
be entered. A keypad is provided for this purpose. After the acceptance of the
password, we can operate the bike . Some safety features are also introduced .If others
try to operate the bike with out the permission from the bike owner they will fail in
their attempt and immediately an alarm which is fixed in the bike starts louding and at
the same time a receiver will indicate it to us.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:
In the past it was much easier to distinguish an embedded system from general purpose computer than its today.
Clearly the increase in hardware performance and low cost blurred the demarc ation line. Embedded specifies the
integration and system is one which responds to input producing required output. Gadgets are increasingly becoming
intelligent and autonomous. MP3 players, mobile phones and automotive brakes are some of the common exampl es
built with intelligence. The intelligence of smart devices resides in embedded systems.
CHARACTERISTICS:
Two major areas of differences are cost and power consumption. Since many embedded systems are produced in
the tens of thousands to millions of units range, reducing cost is a major concern.
Embedded systems often use a
DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:
The electronics usually uses either a microprocessor or a microcontroller. Some l arge or old systems use general
purpose mainframe computers or minicomputers.
Start-up
All embedded systems have start -up code. Usually it disables interrupts , sets up the electronics, tests the computer
CLASSIFICATION:
Embedded systems are classified as
1. Autonomous
2. Real time
3. Network enabled
4. Mobile
Applications of Embedded system may base upon:
1. Microprocessor
2. Microcontroller
3. Signal processors
Embedded system can be easily understood from the block below:
MEMORY
SENSORS
A/D
CONVERTER
HUMAN
INTERFACE
SOFTWARE
EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
ORGANISATION
D/A
Breakthroughs in developments of micro electronics, processors speeds and memory elements accompanied with
dropping prices have resulted powerful embedded systems with number of applications.
SOME RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS:
CONVERTER
AUXILARY
SYSTEM
1. ABC chip by Philips semiconductors – digital enabled cordless phone using embedded DSP cores.
2. Embedded DRAM gets pure logic performance – vendors of gigabit Ethernet controllers turni ng into embedded
DRAM.
3. Large number of small batteries on silicon chips in the near future.
4. Atmel announces new memory solution for embedded application – low cost high security chips with data
encryption and synchronous protocols.
DESIGN ISSUES: The nature of application or the product that has to be designed presents
certain requirements and constraints. Some of the issues that designer faces are:
D
I
S
P
L
A
Y
1. NRE cost.
2. I/O capability.
3. On – chip memory.
4. Development tools.
5. Reliability.
TYPES OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES
There are several basically different types of software architectures in common use.
1.The control loop
In this design, the software simply has a loop. The loop calls subroutines. Each subroutine manages a part of the
hardware or softwar e. Interrupts generally set flags, or update counters that are read by the rest of the software.A
simple API disables and enables interrupts. Done right, it handles nested calls in nested subroutines, and restores the
preceding interrupt state in the outer most enable. This is one of the simplest methods of creating an exokernel.
2. No preemptive multitasking
This system is very similar to the above, except that the loop is hidden in an API. One defines a series of tasks, and
each task gets its own subroutin e stack. Then, when a task is idle, it calls an idle routine
"wait", "yield", or etc.
3. Preemptive timers
Take any of the above systems, but add a timer system that runs subroutines from a timer interrupt. This adds
completely new capabilities to the system. For the first time, the timer routines can occur at a guaranteed time.Also,
for the first time, the code can step on its own data structures at unexpected times. The timer routines must be treated
with the same care as i nterrupt routines.
4. Preemptive tasks
Take the above nonpreemptive task system, and run it from a preemptive timer or other interrupts.
Suddenly the system is quite different. Any piece of task code can damage the data of another task —they must be
precisely separated. Access to shared data must be rigidly controlled by some synchronization strategy,
5. User interfaces
User interfaces for embedded systems vary wildly, and thus deserve some special comment.Designers recommend
testing the user interface for usability at the earliest possible instant. A quick, dirty test is to ask an executive
secretary to use cardboard models drawn with magic markers, and manipulated by an engineer. The videotaped
result is likely to be both humorous and very educational . In the tapes, every time the engineer talks, the interface
has failed: It would cause a service call.
DIGITAL BIKE OPERATING SYSTEM SANS KEY
The main feature of this bike is there is no key required to start & lock the bike & also th ere is no need to turn on the
petrol knob for petrol flow. All are done automatically by pressing a single button.
OBJECTIVE
It is often quite natural for everyone to leave the bike key somewhere and search for it while going out.
Particularly in the morning while getting ready to go office or college searching the bike key leads us to a big
tension and finally if we lost the key we have to go to a mechanic to replace with a new key. Sometimes some may
forget to lock the bike, which leads to theft. Some ma y forget to open the petrol knob for petrol flow, which leads
the bike automatically, switched off amidst heavy traffic.These kinds of problems are fully solved by this project
and theft proof techniques are also introduced.
USER MANUAL
1
`
SPEEDOMETER
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
L/U 0
Tank
switch.
R H L
R-RIDE MODE; H-HOLD MODE; L-LOCK MODE; P.W CHNG- PASSWORD CHANGE INDICATOR; L/U LOCK/UNLOCK
To start the bike a 4-digit password has to be entered in the keypad.
PASSWORD REGISTRATION:
LIGHT
P.w
CHNG.
On show room condition no passwords will be stored in the bike & hence at this condition any one can opera te the
bike. To register a password, first press the L/U button & then enter a 4 -digit password. After doing this a green
light will glow this indicates that the entered password has been stored successfully. After getting the green signal
press the L/U button.
STARTING OF THE BIKE:
To start the Bike, first press the L/U button & then enter the password. If the entered password is correct, you will get
one beep and a green signal. Then press the L/U button.
RIDE MODE:
HOLD MODE:
bike by simply kicking the kicker
LOCK MODE:
Note: After selecting the lock mode, the bike can be restarted o nly by entering the password.
For each mode a button is provided. By pressing the button the corresponding actions, which is given inside the
brackets will take place automatically.
TANK SWITCH:
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Solenoids are used for bike lock and fuel flow control. For bike lock push/pull type solenoid is used.
For fuel control 3/8 inch, normally clos ed type solenoid is used.
SPECIAL FEATURES:
1. Theft proof:
An alarm, which is fixed in the bike, starts louding & at the same time it will be indicated to us by the remote on
these conditions.
If anyone enters wrong password more than 3 times
If any one of the wire related to the bike control is cut down
The security alarm can be switched off only by entering the c orrect password or by pressing the security alarm stop
button in the remote.
REMOTE
S.of
f
S.off-SECURITY ALARM OFF BUTTON
2. Password changing:
For changing the password, press the L/U button & enter the secret code numbe r
3. Battery power indicator:
This system works with 12v battery. A red light glows whenever the battery goes down below 11v & immediately
this system draws power from an additional battery provided. However it is mandatory to recharge the main
battery within two days whenever you get the battery low in dication. The battery low indicator will go off only
after recharging the main battery.
Advantages:
Theft proof
Key less entry
Low cost
CONCLUSION :
This project enables the bike owner to enjoy the Digital technology in bike and also it makes the owner f eel free
from theft fear complex.
References:
1
This remote has an internal antenna, which
transmits signals to the base unit in the bike when
a button is pressed & also receives signal from the
base unit.
It has an inbuilt speaker, which sounds when
signal is received from base unit.
