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1.1 Introduction:
Energy is required in various forms to do useful works, continuous improvement in the standard of living in any society. Energy sources therefore have to be explored, developed and managed to enhance industrial progress, National security and financial stability of nation. The electrical energy is exclusively generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. Most of the burden are inductive in nature and hence, have low lagging power factor. This low power factor is highly undeserved as it causes an increase in current, resulting in additional losses of active power in all the element of power system from power station generator down to the utilization devices.
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT (PFI) PLANT, It is electric device. This plant make sheet steel clad, dist & vermin proof, free standing, floor mounting type. As with any equipment, an electrical system handles its job to some degree of efficiency ranging from poor to excellent. This work is done by a PFI. As energy costs continue to represent an increasing proportion of the overall cost of doing business, energy management has become an important activity. Understanding power factor and how it affects your company’s electricity bill can help reduce power costs. Power Factor gives a reading of overall electricity use efficiency. High power factor indicates that the amount of power doing real work is operating at a high level of efficiency. Conversely, low power factor means poor electricity efficiency which is always costly. Improving power factor can reduce billed peak demand and enhance equipment reliability. PFI Plant mostly consists of several components like are:
1) Capacitor
2) Relay
3) Magnetic contactor
4) Fuse
5) Bus-bar
6) KVA meter
7) Amp. Selector
8) Volt. Selector
Generally in this paper we are discuses about POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT PLANT which will be related with different topics and different equipment randomly.
1.2 Background:
The electrical energy is almost exclusively generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. Most of the loads are inductive in nature and hence have low lagging power factor.
In order to ensure most favorable conditions for a supply system from engineering and economical stand point, it is important to have power factor as close to unity as possible. For the above cause we have chosen to study “P.F.I Plant” as our project
1.3 Objectives
 To know about different parts of Power Factor Improvement (PFI) Plant.
 Analyzing how a Power Factor Improvement (PFI) plant increases the power efficiency in the power system.
1.4 Methodology
 At first, we have gathered theoretical knowledge about Power Factor from different books, journals and internet.
 Then, collecting data from the web site of DPDC, DESCO & analyzing them to understand how a P.F.I increases the power efficiency.
 Finally, we have visited “GREEN POWER Company” for taking some practical knowledge about the Installation and monitoring of P.F.I plant.
POWER FACTOR IMPORVMENT (PFI) PLANT
2.1 Power Factor
The cosine of angle between voltage and current in an a.c circuit is known as power factor.
Power Triangle:
The analysis of power factor can also be made in terms of power drawn by the a.c circuit. If each side of the current triangle oab of Fig. is multiplied by voltage V, than we get the power triangle OAB shown in fig where