plastic pollution essay in malayalam pdf
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Plastic pollution involves the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that negatively affects wildlife, wildlife habitat or humans. The plastics that act as contaminants are classified as micro, meso or macro-disperiments, depending on the size. The importance of plastic pollution is correlated with the fact that plastics are cheap and durable, which leads to high levels of plastics used by humans. However, it is slow to degrade.


Plastic pollution can adversely affect land, waterways and oceans. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can also be affected by entanglement, direct ingestion of plastic debris or exposure to chemicals within plastics that cause disruptions in biological functions. Humans are also affected by plastic pollution, such as altered thyroid hormone axis or hormone levels. In the United Kingdom alone, more than 5 million tons of plastic are consumed per year, of which an estimated 24% converts it into recycling systems. That leaves 3.8 million tons of waste remaining, destined for landfills. Efforts have been made to reduce plastics in some areas in an attempt to reduce plastic consumption and pollution and promote the recycling of plastics.

Causes of plastic pollution

While solving the problem of plastic pollution may seem as easy as simply implementing recycling or cleaning empty bottles, the truth is that the plastic that causes pollution can vary in size from large to microscopic. The main contributors to this problem today include:
1. Plain Old Trash
Plastic is everywhere, even in those items that you might not expect it to be. Milk cartons are lined with plastic, water bottles are distributed everywhere, and some products may even contain small plastic beads. Every time one of these items is thrown away or washed in a sink, toxic contaminants are more likely to enter the environment and cause damage.
Landfills and landfills are unfortunate problems, since they allow contaminants to enter the soil and affect wildlife and groundwater in the years to come.
2. It is used in excess
As plastic is less expensive, it is one of the most widely available and used items in the world today. When discarded, it does not decompose easily and contaminates the earth or nearby air when it is burned outdoors.
3. Fishing nets
Commercial fishing is an economic necessity for many parts of the world, and tons of people eat fish for their daily survival. However, this industry has helped contribute to the problem of the contamination of plastics in the oceans in several ways. The nets used for certain large-scale hauling operations are usually plastic. First, they spend a lot of time submerged in the water, filtering toxins at will, but they also often break or get lost, leaving them wherever they fall. This not only kills and damages local wildlife, it also ensures that contaminants enter the water and fish in the area.
4. Plastic and garbage disposal
This may sound a bit confusing, but since plastic is meant to last, it is almost impossible to break it down. The burning of plastic is incredibly toxic and can cause harmful atmospheric conditions and deadly diseases. Therefore, if you are in a landfill, you will never stop releasing toxins in that area.
Even recycling does not reduce plastic, since it essentially uses existing plastic, albeit in a new form. The plastic recycling process can also cause the release of plastic irritants in several ways.


Effects of plastic pollution

It seems quite obvious that this amount of material that is not meant to break down can wreak havoc on natural environments, leading to long-term problems for plants, animals and people. Some of the main long-term effects of plastic pollution are:
1. Disorganize the food chain
Because it comes in large and small sizes, polluting plastics even affect the smallest organisms in the world, such as plankton. When these organisms get poisoned by the ingestion of plastic, this causes problems for the larger animals that depend on them for food. This can cause a lot of problems, each step later in the food chain. Also, it means that the plastic is present in the fish that many people eat every day.
2. Groundwater contamination
Water conservation is already a concern in places that go from California to parts of India, but the world's water is in great danger due to the filtration of plastics and debris. If you have ever seen a garbage dump, imagine what happens each time it rains, then imagine it is in your drinking water. Groundwater and reservoirs are susceptible to leakage of environmental toxins.
Most of the garbage and pollution that affects the world's oceans is also derived from plastics. This has had terrible consequences on many marine species, which can have consequences for those who consume fish and marine life in search of nutrients, including people.
3. Land pollution
When plastic is poured into landfills, it interacts with water and forms dangerous chemicals. When these chemicals are filtered underground, they degrade the quality of the water. The wind transports and deposits plastic from one place to another, which increases the landfill. It can also get stuck in poles, traffic lights, trees, fences, towers, etc. and animals that can reach closeness and could suffocate them to death.
3. Air pollution
The burning of plastic in the open air leads to environmental contamination due to the release of poisonous chemicals. Contaminated air when inhaled by humans and animals affects your health and can cause respiratory problems.
3. Kill the animals
Despite countless television commercials over the years showing ducks or dolphins trapped in six-ring plastic can holders, these items are still being used and discarded en masse every day. Either because the plastic mass has displaced the animals or the related toxins have poisoned them, plastic contamination does a lot of damage to the world's ecosystems.
4. It is poisonous
Man artificially manufactures plastic by using a series of toxic chemicals. Therefore, the use and exposure to plastics has been linked to a series of health problems that affect people around the world. The processes of manufacturing, storage, disposal and use of plastics can be extremely harmful to living beings.
5. It is expensive
It costs millions of dollars each year to clean the affected areas after exposure, not to mention the loss of lives of plants, animals and people. As the land becomes more valuable, finding a place to place garbage is becoming a problem in many parts of the world.
In addition, excess pollution has led to a decrease in tourism in the affected areas, which has had a significant impact on these economies.
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