ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT:THE CONSTRAINTS

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THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?

Omnipotent view of management
– Managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success
• If the organization performs poorly, managers will be held accountable

Symbolic view of management
– The actual part that managers play in organizational
Success or failure is minimal
– Managers must create meaning out of randomness,
Confusion, and ambiguity


Strong Versus Weak Cultures
– in strong cultures, the key values are deeply held and widely shared
– strong cultures have greater influence on employees than do weak cultures
– employees more committed to organizations with strong cultures
– strong cultures are associated with high organizational performance
– most organizations have moderate to strong cultures

The Environment
Defining the External Environment
– External environment - forces and institutions outside the
organization that may affect organizational performance

• Specific environment - includes those constituencies
that have a direct and immediate impact on managers’
decisions and actions
– directly relevant to goal achievement
– is unique to each organization, including: