design and implementation of intelligent wind turbine and control system



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INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Since earliest times, man has harnessed the power of the wind, with the first mill recorded as long ago as the 6th century AD. The technology has diversified over the years to include pumping water, grinding grain, powering sawmills and most recently generating electricity, now the fastest growing energy sector worldwide.
Wind turbine technology has developed rapidly in recent years and Europe is at the hub of this high-tech industry. Wind turbines are becoming more powerful, with the latest turbine models having larger blade lengths which can utilise more wind and therefore produce more electricity, bringing down the cost of renewable energy generation.
The first commercial wind farm in the UK, built in 1991 at Delabole in Cornwall, used 400 kilowatt (kW) turbines, while the latest trials have involved turbines ten times more powerful, of four megawatts (MW) and above. The average size of an onshore wind turbine installed in 2005 was approximately 2 MW. Wind turbines have an average working life of 20-25 years, after which the turbines can be replaced with new ones or decommissioned. Old turbines can be sold in the second hand market and they also have a scrap value which can be used for any ground restoration work.

How Does a Wind Turbine Work?

Wind turbines produce electricity by using the natural power of the wind to drive a generator. The wind is a clean and sustainable fuel source, it does not create emissions and it will never run out as it is constantly replenished by energy from the sun.
In many ways, wind turbines are the natural evolution of traditional windmills, but now typically have three blades, which rotate around a horizontal hub at the top of a steel tower. Most wind turbines start generating electricity at wind speeds of around 3-4 meters per second (m/s), (8 miles per hour); generate maximum ‘rated’ power at around 15 m/s (30mph); and shut down to prevent storm damage at 25 m/s or above (50mph).
Wind Turbine Technology
Generating electricity from the wind is simple: Wind passes over the blades exerting a turning force. The rotating blades turn a shaft inside the nacelle, which goes into a gearbox. The gearbox increases the rotation speed for the generator, which uses magnetic fields to convert the rotational energy into electrical energy. The power output goes to a transformer, which converts the electricity from the generator at around 700 Volts (V) to the right voltage for the distribution system, typically between 11 kV and 132 kV. The regional electricity distribution networks or National Grid transmit the electricity around the country, and on into homes and businesses.
Offshore Technology
Offshore wind farms are an exciting new area for the industry, largely due to the fact that there are higher wind speeds available offshore and economies of scale allow for the installation of larger size wind turbines offshore.
Offshore wind turbine technology is based on the same principles as onshore technology. Foundations are constructed to hold the superstructure, of which there are a number of designs, but the most common is a driven pile. The top of the foundation is painted a bright color to make it visible to ships and has an access platform to allow maintenance teams to dock. Subsea cables take the power to a transformer, (which can be either offshore or onshore) which converts the electricity to a high voltage (normally between 33 kV and 132 kv) before connecting to the grid at a substation on land. periodic mechanical checks, often carried out by local firms. The onboard computers also monitor the performance of each turbine component, and will automatically shut the turbine down if any problems are detected, alerting an engineer that an onsite visit is required.
The amount of electricity produced from a wind turbine depends on three factors:
• Wind speed

The power available from the wind is a function of the cube of the wind speed. Therefore if the wind blows at twice the speed, its energy content will increase eight-fold. Turbines at a site where the wind speed averages 8 m/s produce around 75-100% more electricity than those where the average wind speed is 6 m/s.
• Wind turbine availability

This is the capability to operate when the wind is blowing, i.e. when the wind turbine is not undergoing maintenance. This is typically 98% or above for modern European machines.
• The way wind turbines are arranged

Wind farms are laid out so that one turbine does not take the wind away from another. However other factors such as environmental considerations, visibility and grid connection requirements often take precedence over the optimum wind capture layout.

Literature survey
EXISTING AND PROPOSED SYSTEM
EXISTING SYSTEM

There are so many wind turbines already in exist but sometimes interrupt occurs in the generation of power. Due to the change in wind direction turbines losing their efficiency.

Disadvantages

The Current System is fixed in a single direction.
Sometimes interrupt occurs in generation of electricity.
Turbines getting damaged and gaining less life time due to natural changes.
It costs more to replace the turbine with new one.

PROPOSED SYSTEMS

To develop an intelligent wind turbine for wind energy harnessing to develop maximum power that can be used for continuous and un- interrupted electricity generation. Also develop a micro controller based load shedding and control application to interface wind turbine for calculation energy developed in watts in a software based Graphical User interface in computer
Scope of the work
The project is a research project for wind energy harnessing. Efficient system design has to be taken up incorporating software based application development.
1. Design of graphical user interface for wind turbine monitoring
2. Computation analysis software development for power calculation and
distribution.
3. Algorithms for intelligent alignment of wind turbine as per wind direction.
4. Hardware structural model of wind turbine.

Advantages:
It prevents the turbine by damages occur due to the change in direction of
wind.
This system provides option of load shedding on the bases of power
generated.
This system provides Administrator and user to easily navigate through the database.

SURVEY ON PROJECT:
Wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two millennia wind-powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. Wind power was widely available and not confined to the banks of fast-flowing streams, or later, requiring sources of fuel. Wind-powered pumps drained the polders of the Netherlands. In arid regions such as the American mid-west or the Australian outback, wind pumps provided water for live stock and steam engines.