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Obstruction Detection & Auto Solving Vehicle
DESCRIPTION :
The main aim of this project is to show how the controllers are used in robots. According to our requirement we can program the robotic vehicle. Here our robotic vehicle is used to cross the box which is placed infront of the vehicle.
TECHNOLGY :
Sensor Technology.
WORKING :
This project uses AT89S52 microcontroller, Alpha Numeric LCD (16 x 2 Line), Motor Driver, Buzzer & Proximity Sensors. Three sensors are attached (which are in turn connected to the microcontroller) to the front, left & right side of the robotic vehicle. When there is no obstruction, all the sensors are high.
Case 1 - Default Right ( Left & Right Sensors are not sensed)
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if both the sensors are high (No Obstruction) it takes right turn (Default Turn). It keeps on turning right until it senses (sensor becomes low) left sensor. As soon as left sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the left sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. When the left sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps right & keeps moving forward.
Case 2 – Right Turn ( Left Sensor sensed & Right Sensor not sensed )
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if left sensor is low (sensed) & right sensor is high (not sensed ), it takes right turn. It keeps on turning right until it senses (sensor becomes low) left sensor. As soon as left sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the left sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the left sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps left turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) left sensor & keeps moving forward. When the left sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps right & keeps moving forward.
Case 3 – Left Turn ( Left Sensor not sensed & Right Sensor sensed )
Imagine a box is placed on the ground & robotic vehicle is moving towards the box. As soon as the vehicle comes close to the box (obstruction), the front sensor goes low (Sensor Sensed the obstruction) the vehicle stops & then it checks for both left & right sensor, if left sensor is high (not sensed) & right sensor is low (sensed ), it takes left turn. It keeps on turning left until it senses (sensor becomes low) right sensor. As soon as right sensor is sensed it moves forward & keeps on moving forward until the right sensor becomes high (not sensed or no obstruction). As soon as right sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps right turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) right sensor & keeps moving forward. As soon as the right sensor becomes high, it stops then takes 3 to 4 steps right turn & moves forward. While moving forward it senses (obstruction detected) right sensor & keeps moving forward. When the right sensor becomes high it stops, takes 3 to 4 steps left & keeps moving forward.
EXAMPLE :
Best example is toys
OUR CHALLENGING WORK IN THIS PROJECT:
1. Write the Code for the microcontroller using embedded ‘C’ for 8051.
2. Design LCD interface.
3. Proximity Sensors.
% OF SOFTWARE & HARDWARE :
1. Embedded C – 40%
2. Microcontroller Hardware – 60%
FUTURE ENHANSEMENT :
Here we used 3 sensors & DC Motors. Use of higher number of sensors & stepper motors, we can move vehicle accurately. We can operate vehicle remotely using RF & GPRS technology.
MAIN COMPONENTS USED :
1. 5 V DC Power Supply
2. ATMEL AT89S52 Microcontroller
3. Motor Driver – L293D
4. LCD 16*2 Alpha Numeric
5. Proximity Sensors
6. Buzzer
7. Buzzer – Frequency 1 to 18 KHz ( 5V – 12V DC)
DESCRIPTION OF MAIN BLOCKS :
Micro Controller
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
Features
• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
• Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines
• Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
• Fully Static Operation : 0 Hz to 33 MHz