abstract and pdf for obstacle dection using ir sensors and at89s52 microcontroller

Obstacle detection with IR sensor (infrared)
The basic concept of IR (infrared) obstacle detection is to transmit the IR signal in one direction and a signal is received at the IR receiver when IR radiation bounces from a surface of the object.
Here in the figure the object can be anything that has a certain shape and size, the IR LED transmits the IR signal to the object and the signal is reflected back from the surface of the object. The reflected signals are received by an IR receiver. The IR receiver may be a photo-diode / photo-transistor or a prepared module that decodes the signal.
In order to implement IR obstacle detection, we need to understand the following
• We need to understand how to transmit the infrared signal using commercially available electronic components.
• In the same way we also need to understand the IR receiver.
My main goal in this paper is to explain the implementation of IR-based obstacle detection in detail.

To improve the overall system, the micro-controller featured with GSM and GPS interface. The GPS device received valid GPS satellite signals and sent the calculated latitude and longitude and vehicle speed to the micro-controller every second. The micro-controller continuously monitors the received GPS speed if there is a huge predefined difference between two consecutive readings of the GPS speed is treated as an accident condition. For proper observation, we have designed a lookup table that shows that its initial velocity and velocity after a second means that a threshold value is predefined. [