24-02-2010, 09:13 PM
plz send paper presentation on cloud computing
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cloud computing
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25-02-2010, 07:26 PM
Cloud computing describes both a platform and a type of application. A cloud computing
platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications are applications that are extended to be accessible through the Internet and they use
large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services.Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and fosters the adoption of innovations. Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT
hardware and software investments.
Definition:
A cloud is a pool of virtualized computer resources. A cloud can Host a variety of different workloads, Support redundant, self-recovering, highly scalable programming models , Allow workloads to be deployed and scaled-out fast and Monitor resource use in real time.
Benefits:
Helpls in breaking down the physical barriers in isolated systems. It provides an ultimately virtualized system, and it can can be a cost efficient model for delivering information services, reducing IT management task complexity.
Architecture
The cloud computing system consists of the data center, IBM® Tivoli® Provisioning Manager, IBM® Tivoli® Monitoring, IBM®
Websphere® Application Server, IBM® DB2®, and virtualization components.
The user interfaces to provision servers are:
-One interface provides basic screens for making provisioning requests.
-One interface is feature rich -- fully loaded with the WebSphere suite of products -- and
relatively more involved from a process perspective.
Full report:
http://china-clouddownload/ibmcloud.pdf
platform dynamically provisions, configures, reconfigures, and deprovisions servers as needed. Cloud applications are applications that are extended to be accessible through the Internet and they use
large data centers and powerful servers that host Web applications and Web services.Cloud computing infrastructure accelerates and fosters the adoption of innovations. Cloud computing infrastructure allows enterprises to achieve more efficient use of their IT
hardware and software investments.
Definition:
A cloud is a pool of virtualized computer resources. A cloud can Host a variety of different workloads, Support redundant, self-recovering, highly scalable programming models , Allow workloads to be deployed and scaled-out fast and Monitor resource use in real time.
Benefits:
Helpls in breaking down the physical barriers in isolated systems. It provides an ultimately virtualized system, and it can can be a cost efficient model for delivering information services, reducing IT management task complexity.
Architecture
The cloud computing system consists of the data center, IBM® Tivoli® Provisioning Manager, IBM® Tivoli® Monitoring, IBM®
Websphere® Application Server, IBM® DB2®, and virtualization components.
The user interfaces to provision servers are:
-One interface provides basic screens for making provisioning requests.
-One interface is feature rich -- fully loaded with the WebSphere suite of products -- and
relatively more involved from a process perspective.
Full report:
http://china-clouddownload/ibmcloud.pdf
21-03-2010, 10:48 AM
for more details on cloud computing please visit http://studentbank.in/report-Cloud-computing and enjoy
Abstract
Cloud computing promises to increase the velocity with which applications are deployed, increase innovation, and lower costs, all while increasing business agility. Sun takes an inclusive view of cloud computing that allows it to support every facet, including the server, storage, network, and virtualization technology that drives cloud computing environments to the software that runs in virtual appliances that can be used to assemble applications in minimal time. This white paper discusses how cloud computing transforms the way we design, build, and deliver applications, and the architectural considerations that enterprises must make when adopting and using cloud computing technology.
read full report from
http://sunfeatured-articles/CloudComputing.pdf
Abstract
Cloud computing promises to increase the velocity with which applications are deployed, increase innovation, and lower costs, all while increasing business agility. Sun takes an inclusive view of cloud computing that allows it to support every facet, including the server, storage, network, and virtualization technology that drives cloud computing environments to the software that runs in virtual appliances that can be used to assemble applications in minimal time. This white paper discusses how cloud computing transforms the way we design, build, and deliver applications, and the architectural considerations that enterprises must make when adopting and using cloud computing technology.
read full report from
http://sunfeatured-articles/CloudComputing.pdf
[attachment=4493]
This article is presented by:
Amar Shanbhag(2SD06CS004)
8th semester
ABSTARCT
In this report there is a brief overview of cloud computing. Cloud computing is the latest of
computing paradigms. It promises to change the way people use computing resources. Using
Internet as the backbone, cloud computing asserts that it is possible to provide computing as
a “utility” to end users “as and when needed” basis. Cloud computing has a potential to
serve users of all kinds: individual users, institutions, industry at large. This report cover
issues such nature and scope of cloud computing, its applications, business rationale etc.Introduction
The process and possibilities of business has been radically affected and hugely expanded by
continuously changing technological advances. For instance, the invention of printing press
and the consequent ability to produce books in large numbers created new business of
publishing. This in turn helped in organizing education and determined the structure of
university. The invention of steam engine led to creation of transportation industry and the
invention of aero plane created aviation industry and computers created industry of
information. Something similar is ushering in the field of computing.
Cloud computing is a business model that harnesses the web as the ultimate business
platform. Cloud computing is impregnated with immense potential for array of practical
applications. The model is expected make computing needs available via web on retail basis
and is called cloud computing. Cloud computing intends to make the Internet the ultimate
home of all computing resources- storage, computations, applications and allow end user to
available them in quantities of her choice, location of their preferences, for duration of their
liking. In other world web become the provision store for all your computing needs.
computing paradigms. It promises to change the way people use computing resources. Using
Internet as the backbone, cloud computing asserts that it is possible to provide computing as
a “utility” to end users “as and when needed” basis. Cloud computing has a potential to
serve users of all kinds: individual users, institutions, industry at large. This report cover
issues such nature and scope of cloud computing, its applications, business rationale etc.Introduction
The process and possibilities of business has been radically affected and hugely expanded by
continuously changing technological advances. For instance, the invention of printing press
and the consequent ability to produce books in large numbers created new business of
publishing. This in turn helped in organizing education and determined the structure of
university. The invention of steam engine led to creation of transportation industry and the
invention of aero plane created aviation industry and computers created industry of
information. Something similar is ushering in the field of computing.
Cloud computing is a business model that harnesses the web as the ultimate business
platform. Cloud computing is impregnated with immense potential for array of practical
applications. The model is expected make computing needs available via web on retail basis
and is called cloud computing. Cloud computing intends to make the Internet the ultimate
home of all computing resources- storage, computations, applications and allow end user to
available them in quantities of her choice, location of their preferences, for duration of their
liking. In other world web become the provision store for all your computing needs.
13-10-2010, 01:45 PM
[attachment=5870]
cloud computing
eVapt Inc. is a US‐based, wholly‐owned subsidiary of MagnaQuest, and enables the metering, billing, subscription management and pay‐as‐you‐use model for Cloud computing, SaaS, On‐Demand Content and Mobile VAS service providers. eVapt’s ondemand billing and monetization platform enables service providers to both automate their back office operations, as well as support more sophisticated pricing and billing models. eVapt is revolutionizing the way Cloud businesses can run and manage billing. In addition to dramatically simplifying a service provider’s billing, payments and subscription management capabilities, eVapt can also offer additional benefits to other parts of a service provider’s organization: Marketing: Determine optimal ways to package Cloud Computing offerings into pricing and discount schedules. Build and manage marketing programs around discounts, coupons and customer loyalty. Finance and Accounting: Manage contracts, commitments, and mediate the contract terms with actual usage to determine billing and overage fees. Manage the end‐to‐end billing, payments and collection process. Sales: Manage the trial‐to‐subscription process, up‐selling, renewal and customer support process
cloud computing
eVapt Inc. is a US‐based, wholly‐owned subsidiary of MagnaQuest, and enables the metering, billing, subscription management and pay‐as‐you‐use model for Cloud computing, SaaS, On‐Demand Content and Mobile VAS service providers. eVapt’s ondemand billing and monetization platform enables service providers to both automate their back office operations, as well as support more sophisticated pricing and billing models. eVapt is revolutionizing the way Cloud businesses can run and manage billing. In addition to dramatically simplifying a service provider’s billing, payments and subscription management capabilities, eVapt can also offer additional benefits to other parts of a service provider’s organization: Marketing: Determine optimal ways to package Cloud Computing offerings into pricing and discount schedules. Build and manage marketing programs around discounts, coupons and customer loyalty. Finance and Accounting: Manage contracts, commitments, and mediate the contract terms with actual usage to determine billing and overage fees. Manage the end‐to‐end billing, payments and collection process. Sales: Manage the trial‐to‐subscription process, up‐selling, renewal and customer support process
27-11-2010, 10:12 AM
[attachment=7332]
PRESENTED BY:
Prachi Verma
What is Cloud Computing?
An emerging computing paradigm where data and services reside in massively scalable data centers and can be accessed from any connected devices over the internet.
History
In 1960 when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility”. The term cloud had already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris,and his fellows.They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to business applications. IBM extended these concepts in 2001 and in 2002 amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centres.
Cloud Computing Layers
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Software as a Service(SaaS)
Cloud Computing Components
Cloud Application
Cloud Clients
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud Platforms
Cloud Services
Cloud Storage
Characterstics
COST
DEVICE AND LOCATION INDEPENDENCE
MULTI-TENANCY
RELIABILITY
SCALABILITY
SECURITY
SUSTANIBILITY
Cloud Computing Services
Search Engines
Webmail
Web Based Office
Applications
Online Photo And
Document Sharing
Cloud Computing Services
Large-scale web-based storage and computing power for building your own applications
Hosted Spam filtering
Cloud Computing Providers
Amazon EC2
Google Application Engine
Microsoft Azure
Salesforce.com
Benefits
Ability to scale to meet changing user
demands quickly, usually within minutes
Task oriented
Virtually no maintenance
Easy to develop your own web based applications that run in the cloud
Sharing of peak-load capacity among a large
pool of users, improving overall utilization
Separation of application code from physical
resources
Ability to use external assets to handle peak
loads (not having to engineer for highest
possible load levels)
Not having to purchase assets for one-time or
infrequent intensive computing tasks
Drawbacks
Canned solutions such may not be full featured, or too Task-oriented
Often limited or no technical support available
Often free services display ads
When there are technical issues you may lose
access to your data or your application
No Control
Potential Regulatory Compliance issues
If the company hosting the application goes
out of business you may lose access to your
data or application permanently
You must have an Internet connection
Why adopt cloud?
Access to computing power instantly
On demand allocation and deallocation of resources
More customers minimize capital expenditure.
Sharing of resources
Device and location independence
PRESENTED BY:
Prachi Verma
CLOUD COMPUTING
What is Cloud Computing?
An emerging computing paradigm where data and services reside in massively scalable data centers and can be accessed from any connected devices over the internet.
History
In 1960 when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility”. The term cloud had already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris,and his fellows.They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to business applications. IBM extended these concepts in 2001 and in 2002 amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centres.
Cloud Computing Layers
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Software as a Service(SaaS)
Cloud Computing Components
Cloud Application
Cloud Clients
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud Platforms
Cloud Services
Cloud Storage
Characterstics
COST
DEVICE AND LOCATION INDEPENDENCE
MULTI-TENANCY
RELIABILITY
SCALABILITY
SECURITY
SUSTANIBILITY
Cloud Computing Services
Search Engines
Webmail
Web Based Office
Applications
Online Photo And
Document Sharing
Cloud Computing Services
Large-scale web-based storage and computing power for building your own applications
Hosted Spam filtering
Cloud Computing Providers
Amazon EC2
Google Application Engine
Microsoft Azure
Salesforce.com
Benefits
Ability to scale to meet changing user
demands quickly, usually within minutes
Task oriented
Virtually no maintenance
Easy to develop your own web based applications that run in the cloud
Sharing of peak-load capacity among a large
pool of users, improving overall utilization
Separation of application code from physical
resources
Ability to use external assets to handle peak
loads (not having to engineer for highest
possible load levels)
Not having to purchase assets for one-time or
infrequent intensive computing tasks
Drawbacks
Canned solutions such may not be full featured, or too Task-oriented
Often limited or no technical support available
Often free services display ads
When there are technical issues you may lose
access to your data or your application
No Control
Potential Regulatory Compliance issues
If the company hosting the application goes
out of business you may lose access to your
data or application permanently
You must have an Internet connection
Why adopt cloud?
Access to computing power instantly
On demand allocation and deallocation of resources
More customers minimize capital expenditure.
Sharing of resources
Device and location independence
14-01-2011, 05:10 PM
Presented by:
Nicholas Kottyan
CEO, DataChambers, LLC
336-499-7220
Agenda
Objective
History of Cloud Computing
Definitions
Cloud Characteristics, Types and Deployment Models
Issues
Clouds vs. Traditional
Recap - Economics - Next Steps
Q & A
Origin of the term “Cloud Computing”
“Comes from the early days of the Internet where we drew the network as a cloud… we didn’t care where the messages went… the cloud hid it from us” – Kevin Marks, Google
First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction)
Second cloud around documents (WWW data abstraction)
The emerging cloud combines the infrastructure complexities of servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms
Summarized History
1960 - John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility"
Early 1990s – The term “cloud” comes into commercial use referring to large networks and the advancement of the Internet.
1999 – Salesforce.com is established, providing an “on demand” SaaS (Software as a Service).
2001 – IBM details the SaaS concept in their “Autonomic Computing Manifesto”
2005 – Amazon provides access to their excess capacity on a utility computing and storage basis
2007 – Google, IBM, various Universities embark on a large scale cloud computing research project
2008 – Gartner says cloud computing will “shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them”
Definition
Lots of confusion
Several different “loosely applied” definitions
a style of computing in which massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided "as a service" using Internet technologies to multiple external customers
an internal or external “cloud enabled” service offering
the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as a service over the Internet.
a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet.
5 Essential Cloud Characteristics
On-demand self-service
Broad network access (Internet)
Resource pooling
Location independence
Rapid elasticity
Measured service
Original ppt
12-03-2011, 04:23 PM
[attachment=10117]
How Cloud Computing Is Changing the World
A major shift in the way companies obtain software and computing capacity is under way as more companies tap into Web-based applications
Merrill Lynch: 2012 = the annual global market for cloud computing will surge to $95 billion
(Microsoft=$51 bil, Google=$16 bil, Amazon=$14 bil, Yahoo=$7 bil)
Security and reliability are big challenges
"There's a whole industry emerging,“
says Marc Benioff, Salesforce.com's CEO
Cloud Computing
A definition refers to any situation in which computing is done in a remote location (out in the clouds), rather than on your desktop or portable device.
You tap into that computing power over an Internet connection.
"The cloud is a smart, complex, powerful computing system in the sky that people can just plug into."
Web browser pioneer Marc Andreessen
Cloud Users
Starbucks: using the Salesforce.com platform to create its new My Starbucks Idea Web site as an online community.
Rapper 50 Cent: using Ning service to set up a custom-designed site for 200,000 fans
The U.S. Olympic Committee: using AT&T services to handle a busy traffic during the games
Individual programmers and users: using Facebook or Amazon’s data centers to run own applications, blogs, data
Cloud Structure
Cloud Benefits:
Cloud = Less Investment
(not own data center, hardware; use outside provider of servers, storage, and bandwidth)
Cloud = Scale
(tens of thousands of server computers)
Cloud = Flexible and Efficiency
Chapter 8: Strategies for competing in emerging industries
How Cloud Computing Is Changing the World
A major shift in the way companies obtain software and computing capacity is under way as more companies tap into Web-based applications
Merrill Lynch: 2012 = the annual global market for cloud computing will surge to $95 billion
(Microsoft=$51 bil, Google=$16 bil, Amazon=$14 bil, Yahoo=$7 bil)
Security and reliability are big challenges
"There's a whole industry emerging,“
says Marc Benioff, Salesforce.com's CEO
Cloud Computing
A definition refers to any situation in which computing is done in a remote location (out in the clouds), rather than on your desktop or portable device.
You tap into that computing power over an Internet connection.
"The cloud is a smart, complex, powerful computing system in the sky that people can just plug into."
Web browser pioneer Marc Andreessen
Cloud Users
Starbucks: using the Salesforce.com platform to create its new My Starbucks Idea Web site as an online community.
Rapper 50 Cent: using Ning service to set up a custom-designed site for 200,000 fans
The U.S. Olympic Committee: using AT&T services to handle a busy traffic during the games
Individual programmers and users: using Facebook or Amazon’s data centers to run own applications, blogs, data
Cloud Structure
Cloud Benefits:
Cloud = Less Investment
(not own data center, hardware; use outside provider of servers, storage, and bandwidth)
Cloud = Scale
(tens of thousands of server computers)
Cloud = Flexible and Efficiency
Chapter 8: Strategies for competing in emerging industries
12-03-2011, 10:49 PM
[attachment=10129]
here is the ppt of cloud computing
here is the ppt of cloud computing
23-03-2011, 04:18 PM
Presented by:
Stuart Charlton
[attachment=10864]
Cloud Computing and the Next Generation of Enterprise Architecture
Objectives
Does cloud computing change the importance and role of enterprise architecture and
IT service management?
Exploring a reference model for the cloud
Suggesting a way to bridge the gap between architectural intent and results through cloud computing
What do you mean by... architecture?
Architecture
» The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.
(ISO 42010 / IEEE 1471-2000 definition)
Enterprise Architecture
» Enterprise Architecture is the organizing logic for businesses and their IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the firm’s operating model.
Peter Weill, MIT
Architecture as Strategy
• A Gap in Realizing Architectural Goals
How have we managed our IT?
Developer-led
» Concurrent Versioning, Unit Testing, Maven, Ant, Capistrano
» Focused on code-promotion ; sometimes database transform
Manager-led
» One extreme: firefighting
» The other extreme: bureaucracy
Architect-led
» Round-trip modeling tools (e.g. Rational UML, Together, etc.)
» Gated reviews (i.e. “The technology cops”)
Operations-led
» Management suites (OpenView, Tivoli, etc.)
» Runbook Automation (e.g. HP/OpsWare, BMC/BladeLogic, Opalis)
IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) v3:
The Current Best Practice?
How Far Can Technology Save Us?
The “Google Secret Sauce” Theory:
» Always available, scalable, fast
» Computing as fungible commodity
» Reliability is enabled by architecture
» But you have to rewrite your software
Does a seemingly magical architecture reduce or eliminate the need for configuration & dependency management?
Does this architecture match classic enterprise requirements?
• The Cloud Provider Continuum
• Qualities of an Enterprise Cloud
• On-Demand, Services-Oriented Computing
» Drastically reduced lead times
» Lowered requirement to call-ahead forecasts
» Demand trends are predicted by the provider
• Variable cost consumption
» Pay-by-the-drink or over time; decouple fixed overhead from demand
• Self-service
» Resources directly/indirectly reserved with a GUI or API
• Elastic Scalability
» Grow or shrink resources as required
• Mandatory Network
» The network is essential to consume the service
• Governance and Compliance
» Tracking and matching of cloud providers to policies
Stuart Charlton
[attachment=10864]
Cloud Computing and the Next Generation of Enterprise Architecture
Objectives
Does cloud computing change the importance and role of enterprise architecture and
IT service management?
Exploring a reference model for the cloud
Suggesting a way to bridge the gap between architectural intent and results through cloud computing
What do you mean by... architecture?
Architecture
» The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.
(ISO 42010 / IEEE 1471-2000 definition)
Enterprise Architecture
» Enterprise Architecture is the organizing logic for businesses and their IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the firm’s operating model.
Peter Weill, MIT
Architecture as Strategy
• A Gap in Realizing Architectural Goals
How have we managed our IT?
Developer-led
» Concurrent Versioning, Unit Testing, Maven, Ant, Capistrano
» Focused on code-promotion ; sometimes database transform
Manager-led
» One extreme: firefighting
» The other extreme: bureaucracy
Architect-led
» Round-trip modeling tools (e.g. Rational UML, Together, etc.)
» Gated reviews (i.e. “The technology cops”)
Operations-led
» Management suites (OpenView, Tivoli, etc.)
» Runbook Automation (e.g. HP/OpsWare, BMC/BladeLogic, Opalis)
IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) v3:
The Current Best Practice?
How Far Can Technology Save Us?
The “Google Secret Sauce” Theory:
» Always available, scalable, fast
» Computing as fungible commodity
» Reliability is enabled by architecture
» But you have to rewrite your software
Does a seemingly magical architecture reduce or eliminate the need for configuration & dependency management?
Does this architecture match classic enterprise requirements?
• The Cloud Provider Continuum
• Qualities of an Enterprise Cloud
• On-Demand, Services-Oriented Computing
» Drastically reduced lead times
» Lowered requirement to call-ahead forecasts
» Demand trends are predicted by the provider
• Variable cost consumption
» Pay-by-the-drink or over time; decouple fixed overhead from demand
• Self-service
» Resources directly/indirectly reserved with a GUI or API
• Elastic Scalability
» Grow or shrink resources as required
• Mandatory Network
» The network is essential to consume the service
• Governance and Compliance
» Tracking and matching of cloud providers to policies
30-03-2011, 11:30 AM
Cloud infrastructure and services are expected to grow significantly in the coming years, therefore making it critical for systems to effectively implement and maintain cloud technologies. Cloud computing is a paradigm where tasks are assigned to a combination of connections, software and services accessed over a network. Clouds provide processing power, which is made possible though distributed, large-scale computing systems, which use virtualization software, e.g. Xen, VMWare, Citrix and KVM. Cloud computing can be seen as a traditional desktop computing model, where the resources of a single desktop, computer are used to complete tasks, and an expansion of the client/server model. The advances in processors, virtualization technology, disk storage, broadband Internet access and fast, servers have all combined to make cloud computing a compelling paradigm. Customers can use open source Cloud Computing or commercial systems. Customers are billed, based upon server utlilisation, processing power and the bandwidth consumed. As a result, cloud computing has the potential to change the software industry entirely, as applications are purchased, licensed and run over the network instead of a user’s desktop. This change will put data centres and their administrators at the centre of the distributed network, as processing power, electricity, bandwidth and storage are all managed remotely. Cloud computing relies on a cloud platform that lets applications run and use services provided.
Cloud foundations provide the basic local functions an application needs. These can include an underlying operating system and local support. Yet cloud platforms provide these functions that differs from what were used on Operating Systems. From a platform point of view, an operating system provides a set of basic interfaces for applications to use. One of the most well known examples, of an operating system in the cloud today is Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). EC2 provides customer-specific Linux instances running in virtual machines (VMs). From a technical perspective, it might be more accurate to think of EC2 as a platform for VMs rather than operating systems. A cloud local support systems, which includes its own storage, and it hides whatever the underlying operating system might be. A developer chooses to build a particular local support option that must accept the limitations it imposes. There are good reasons for these limitations, of course. It makes cloud computing attractive, as it provides scalability, makes an application built on a cloud framework, it also handle Internet-size loads. By making the local support functions more specialised, a cloud platform provider has more freedom to optimise the application environment. Accordingly, each set of local support functions in cloud foundations today focuses on supporting a particular kind of application.
The Benefits of Cloud Computing include:
• The use IT resources are provided as a service,
• Compute, storage, databases, queues,
• Clouds leverage economies of scale of commodity hardware,
• Cheap storage, high bandwidth networks and multi-core processors,
• Geographically distributed data centres,
• Cost and management,
• Economies of scale, “out-sourced” resource management,
• On demand provisioning, co-located data and compute,
• Reliability, Fault tolerance, redundant, and shared resources
Cloud foundations provide the basic local functions an application needs. These can include an underlying operating system and local support. Yet cloud platforms provide these functions that differs from what were used on Operating Systems. From a platform point of view, an operating system provides a set of basic interfaces for applications to use. One of the most well known examples, of an operating system in the cloud today is Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). EC2 provides customer-specific Linux instances running in virtual machines (VMs). From a technical perspective, it might be more accurate to think of EC2 as a platform for VMs rather than operating systems. A cloud local support systems, which includes its own storage, and it hides whatever the underlying operating system might be. A developer chooses to build a particular local support option that must accept the limitations it imposes. There are good reasons for these limitations, of course. It makes cloud computing attractive, as it provides scalability, makes an application built on a cloud framework, it also handle Internet-size loads. By making the local support functions more specialised, a cloud platform provider has more freedom to optimise the application environment. Accordingly, each set of local support functions in cloud foundations today focuses on supporting a particular kind of application.
The Benefits of Cloud Computing include:
• The use IT resources are provided as a service,
• Compute, storage, databases, queues,
• Clouds leverage economies of scale of commodity hardware,
• Cheap storage, high bandwidth networks and multi-core processors,
• Geographically distributed data centres,
• Cost and management,
• Economies of scale, “out-sourced” resource management,
• On demand provisioning, co-located data and compute,
• Reliability, Fault tolerance, redundant, and shared resources
02-04-2011, 03:42 PM
PRESENTED BY
B.SHANTHIPRIYA M.ANJALI
[attachment=11593]
Abstract:
Cloud Computing as an Internet-based computing; where resources, software and information are provided to computers on-demand, like a public utility; is emerging as a platform for sharing resources like
infrastructure, software and various applications. The majority of cloud computing infrastructure consists of
reliable services delivered through data centers and built on servers. Clouds often appear as single points of access for all consumers' computing needs. Commercial o_erings of the cloud are expected to meet quality of service guarantees for customer satisfaction and typically o_er service level agreements. The deployment of cloud computing can be easily observed while working on Internet, be it Google Docs or Google Apps,YouTube Video sharing or Picassa Image sharing, Amazon's Shopping Cart or eBay's PayPal, the examples are numerous. This paper does a literature survey on some of the prominent applications of Cloud Computing, and how they meet the requirements of reliability, availability of data, scalability of software and hardware systems and overall customer satisfaction.
Introduction
Imagine yourself in the world where the users of the computer of today’s internet world don’t have to run, install or store their application or data on their own computers, imagine the world where every piece of your information or data would reside on the Cloud (Internet).
As a metaphor for the Internet, "the cloud" is a familiar cliché, but when combined with "computing", the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically virtual servers available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume outside the firewall is "in the cloud", including conventional outsourcing.
Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what we always need: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends ICT's existing capabilities.
Cloud computing is at an early stage, with a motley crew of providers large and small delivering a slew of cloud-based services, from full-blown applications to storage services to spam filtering. Yes, utility-style infrastructure providers are part of the mix, but so are SaaS (software as a service) providers such as Salesforce.com. Today, for the most part, IT must plug into cloud-based services individually, but cloud computing aggregators and integrators are already emerging.
Cloud computing- The Concept
Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.
The concept incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and other recent technology trends which have the common theme of reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users. Examples of SaaS vendors include Salesforce.com and Google Apps which provide common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals.
Comparison:
Cloud computing is often confused with grid computing ("a form of distributed computing whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely-coupled computers, acting in concert to perform very large tasks"), utility computing (the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity") and autonomic computing ("computer systems capable of self-management").
Indeed many cloud computing deployments as of 2009 depend on grids, have autonomic characteristics and bill like utilities — but cloud computing can be seen as a natural next step from the grid-utility model. Some successful cloud architectures have little or no centralized infrastructure or billing systems whatsoever, including peer-to-peer networks like Bit Torrent and Skype and volunteer computing like
Implementation:
The majority of cloud computing infrastructure as of 2009 consists of reliable services delivered through data centers and built on servers with different levels of virtualization technologies. The services are accessible anywhere that has access to networking infrastructure. The Cloud appears as a single point of access for all the computing needs of consumers. Commercial offerings need to meet the quality of service requirements of customers and typically offer service level agreements. Open standards are critical to the growth of cloud computing and open source software has provided the foundation for many cloud computing implementations
Characteristics:
As customers generally do not own the infrastructure, they merely access or rent, they can avoid capital expenditure and consume resources as a service, paying instead for what they use. Many cloud-computing offerings have adopted the utility computing model, which is analogous to how traditional utilities like electricity are consumed, while others are billed on a subscription basis. Sharing "perishable and intangible" computing power among multiple tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not left idle, which can reduce costs significantly while increasing the speed of application development. A side effect of this approach is that "computer capacity rises dramatically" as customers do not have to engineer for peak loads. Adoption has been enabled by "increased high-speed bandwidth" which makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized infrastructure at other sites.
Economics:
Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software and services, rather paying a provider only for what they use. Consumption is billed on a utility (e.g. resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (e.g. time based, like a newspaper) basis with little or no upfront cost. Other benefits of this time sharing style approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead and immediate access to a broad range of applications. Users can generally terminate the contract at any time (thereby avoiding return on investment risk and uncertainty) and the services are often covered by service level agreements with financial penalties.
According to Nicholas Carr the strategic importance of information technology is diminishing as it becomes standardized and cheaper. He argues that the cloud computing paradigm shift is similar to the displacement of electricity generators by electricity grids early in the 20th century.
Companies:
Providers including Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Sun and Yahoo exemplify the use of cloud computing. It is being adopted by individual users through large enterprises including General Electric, L'Oréal, and Procter & Gamble.
History
The Cloud is a term with a long history in telephony, which has in the past decade, been adopted as a metaphor for internet based services, with a common depiction in network diagrams as a cloud outline.
The underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares characteristics with service bureaus which date back to the 1960s. The term cloud had already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. By the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" had started to appear, although most of the focus at this time was on Software as a service (SaaS).
In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and his fellows. They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to business applications. They also provided the concept of "On demand" and "SaaS" with their real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is being customizable by customer alone or with a small amount of help. Flexibility and speed for application development have been drastically welcomed and accepted by business users.
IBM extended these concepts in 2001, as detailed in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto -- which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-configuring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.
Amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble and, having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements, providing access to their systems by way of Amazon Web Services in 2005 on a utility computing basis.
2007 saw increased activity, with Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarking on a large scale cloud computing research project, around the time the term started gaining popularity in the mainstream press. It was a hot topic by mid-2008 and numerous cloud computing events had been scheduled.
In August 2008, Gartner Research observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" and that the "projected shift to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."
Risk Mitigation
Corporations or end-users wishing to avoid not being able to access their data — or even losing it — should research vendors' policies on data security before using vendor services. One technology analyst and consulting firm, Gartner, lists seven security issues which one should discuss with a cloud-computing vendor:
1. Privileged user access—inquire about who has specialized access to data and about the hiring and management of such administrators.
2. Regulatory compliance—makes sure a vendor is willing to undergo external audits and/or security certifications.
3. Data locations—ask if a provider allows for any control over the location of data.
4. Data segregation—make sure that encryption is available at all stages and that these "encryption schemes were designed and tested by experienced professionals".
5. Recovery—find out what will happen to data in the case of a disaster; do they offer complete restoration and, if so, how long that would take.
6. Investigative Support—inquire whether a vendor has the ability to investigate any inappropriate or illegal activity.
7. Long-term viability—ask what will happen to data if the company goes out of business; how will data be returned and in what format.
In practice, one can best determine data-recovery capabilities by experiment: asking to get back old data, seeing how long it takes, and verifying that the checksums match the original data. Determining data security is harder. A tactic not covered by Gartner is to encrypt the data yourself. If you encrypt the data using a trusted algorithm, then regardless of the service provider's security and encryption policies, the data will only be accessible with the decryption keys. This leads to a follow-on problem: managing private keys in a pay-on-demand computing infrastructure.
Key characteristics
• Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. This lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and minimal or no IT skills are required for implementation.
• Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile. As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet the users can connect from anywhere.
• Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users, allowing for:
Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)
o Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
o Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-20% utilized.
• Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major cloud computing services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are able to do little when they are affected.
• Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Performance is monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are constructed using web services as the system interface.
• Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data. Security is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford. Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.
• Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient systems, and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and associated infrastructure are major consumers of energy.
Components
B.SHANTHIPRIYA M.ANJALI
[attachment=11593]
Abstract:
Cloud Computing as an Internet-based computing; where resources, software and information are provided to computers on-demand, like a public utility; is emerging as a platform for sharing resources like
infrastructure, software and various applications. The majority of cloud computing infrastructure consists of
reliable services delivered through data centers and built on servers. Clouds often appear as single points of access for all consumers' computing needs. Commercial o_erings of the cloud are expected to meet quality of service guarantees for customer satisfaction and typically o_er service level agreements. The deployment of cloud computing can be easily observed while working on Internet, be it Google Docs or Google Apps,YouTube Video sharing or Picassa Image sharing, Amazon's Shopping Cart or eBay's PayPal, the examples are numerous. This paper does a literature survey on some of the prominent applications of Cloud Computing, and how they meet the requirements of reliability, availability of data, scalability of software and hardware systems and overall customer satisfaction.
Introduction
Imagine yourself in the world where the users of the computer of today’s internet world don’t have to run, install or store their application or data on their own computers, imagine the world where every piece of your information or data would reside on the Cloud (Internet).
As a metaphor for the Internet, "the cloud" is a familiar cliché, but when combined with "computing", the meaning gets bigger and fuzzier. Some analysts and vendors define cloud computing narrowly as an updated version of utility computing: basically virtual servers available over the Internet. Others go very broad, arguing anything you consume outside the firewall is "in the cloud", including conventional outsourcing.
Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what we always need: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends ICT's existing capabilities.
Cloud computing is at an early stage, with a motley crew of providers large and small delivering a slew of cloud-based services, from full-blown applications to storage services to spam filtering. Yes, utility-style infrastructure providers are part of the mix, but so are SaaS (software as a service) providers such as Salesforce.com. Today, for the most part, IT must plug into cloud-based services individually, but cloud computing aggregators and integrators are already emerging.
Cloud computing- The Concept
Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them.
The concept incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS) as well as Web 2.0 and other recent technology trends which have the common theme of reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users. Examples of SaaS vendors include Salesforce.com and Google Apps which provide common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on the servers.
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals.
Comparison:
Cloud computing is often confused with grid computing ("a form of distributed computing whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely-coupled computers, acting in concert to perform very large tasks"), utility computing (the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage, as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility such as electricity") and autonomic computing ("computer systems capable of self-management").
Indeed many cloud computing deployments as of 2009 depend on grids, have autonomic characteristics and bill like utilities — but cloud computing can be seen as a natural next step from the grid-utility model. Some successful cloud architectures have little or no centralized infrastructure or billing systems whatsoever, including peer-to-peer networks like Bit Torrent and Skype and volunteer computing like
Implementation:
The majority of cloud computing infrastructure as of 2009 consists of reliable services delivered through data centers and built on servers with different levels of virtualization technologies. The services are accessible anywhere that has access to networking infrastructure. The Cloud appears as a single point of access for all the computing needs of consumers. Commercial offerings need to meet the quality of service requirements of customers and typically offer service level agreements. Open standards are critical to the growth of cloud computing and open source software has provided the foundation for many cloud computing implementations
Characteristics:
As customers generally do not own the infrastructure, they merely access or rent, they can avoid capital expenditure and consume resources as a service, paying instead for what they use. Many cloud-computing offerings have adopted the utility computing model, which is analogous to how traditional utilities like electricity are consumed, while others are billed on a subscription basis. Sharing "perishable and intangible" computing power among multiple tenants can improve utilization rates, as servers are not left idle, which can reduce costs significantly while increasing the speed of application development. A side effect of this approach is that "computer capacity rises dramatically" as customers do not have to engineer for peak loads. Adoption has been enabled by "increased high-speed bandwidth" which makes it possible to receive the same response times from centralized infrastructure at other sites.
Economics:
Cloud computing users can avoid capital expenditure (CapEx) on hardware, software and services, rather paying a provider only for what they use. Consumption is billed on a utility (e.g. resources consumed, like electricity) or subscription (e.g. time based, like a newspaper) basis with little or no upfront cost. Other benefits of this time sharing style approach are low barriers to entry, shared infrastructure and costs, low management overhead and immediate access to a broad range of applications. Users can generally terminate the contract at any time (thereby avoiding return on investment risk and uncertainty) and the services are often covered by service level agreements with financial penalties.
According to Nicholas Carr the strategic importance of information technology is diminishing as it becomes standardized and cheaper. He argues that the cloud computing paradigm shift is similar to the displacement of electricity generators by electricity grids early in the 20th century.
Companies:
Providers including Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Sun and Yahoo exemplify the use of cloud computing. It is being adopted by individual users through large enterprises including General Electric, L'Oréal, and Procter & Gamble.
History
The Cloud is a term with a long history in telephony, which has in the past decade, been adopted as a metaphor for internet based services, with a common depiction in network diagrams as a cloud outline.
The underlying concept dates back to 1960 when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility"; indeed it shares characteristics with service bureaus which date back to the 1960s. The term cloud had already come into commercial use in the early 1990s to refer to large ATM networks. By the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" had started to appear, although most of the focus at this time was on Software as a service (SaaS).
In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and his fellows. They applied many technologies of consumer web sites like Google and Yahoo! to business applications. They also provided the concept of "On demand" and "SaaS" with their real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is being customizable by customer alone or with a small amount of help. Flexibility and speed for application development have been drastically welcomed and accepted by business users.
IBM extended these concepts in 2001, as detailed in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto -- which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-configuring, and self-optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.
Amazon.com played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble and, having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements, providing access to their systems by way of Amazon Web Services in 2005 on a utility computing basis.
2007 saw increased activity, with Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarking on a large scale cloud computing research project, around the time the term started gaining popularity in the mainstream press. It was a hot topic by mid-2008 and numerous cloud computing events had been scheduled.
In August 2008, Gartner Research observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" and that the "projected shift to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."
Risk Mitigation
Corporations or end-users wishing to avoid not being able to access their data — or even losing it — should research vendors' policies on data security before using vendor services. One technology analyst and consulting firm, Gartner, lists seven security issues which one should discuss with a cloud-computing vendor:
1. Privileged user access—inquire about who has specialized access to data and about the hiring and management of such administrators.
2. Regulatory compliance—makes sure a vendor is willing to undergo external audits and/or security certifications.
3. Data locations—ask if a provider allows for any control over the location of data.
4. Data segregation—make sure that encryption is available at all stages and that these "encryption schemes were designed and tested by experienced professionals".
5. Recovery—find out what will happen to data in the case of a disaster; do they offer complete restoration and, if so, how long that would take.
6. Investigative Support—inquire whether a vendor has the ability to investigate any inappropriate or illegal activity.
7. Long-term viability—ask what will happen to data if the company goes out of business; how will data be returned and in what format.
In practice, one can best determine data-recovery capabilities by experiment: asking to get back old data, seeing how long it takes, and verifying that the checksums match the original data. Determining data security is harder. A tactic not covered by Gartner is to encrypt the data yourself. If you encrypt the data using a trusted algorithm, then regardless of the service provider's security and encryption policies, the data will only be accessible with the decryption keys. This leads to a follow-on problem: managing private keys in a pay-on-demand computing infrastructure.
Key characteristics
• Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. This lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and minimal or no IT skills are required for implementation.
• Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile. As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet the users can connect from anywhere.
• Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users, allowing for:
Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.)
o Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
o Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-20% utilized.
• Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major cloud computing services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are able to do little when they are affected.
• Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Performance is monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are constructed using web services as the system interface.
• Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data. Security is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because providers are able to devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford. Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.
• Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient systems, and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and associated infrastructure are major consumers of energy.
Components
10-02-2012, 10:02 AM
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