MICROPHONES AND SOUND BASICS

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Microphone

Microphone is a transducer.It converts sound wave (acoustical energy) into electrical energy

Five important characteristics of microphone

Operating principle

Frequency response

Directionality of microphone

Electrical output and

Physical design of the microphone


Pressure-operated Microphones


Sound pressure is applied on one side of the diaphragm.

Electrical output is proportional to the sound pressure.

Theoretically omnidirectional.

However,the physical size of microphone works as an obstacle at high
frequency.

Sensitivity at HF decreases.


Combined-operation Microphones


The principle of pressure-operated microphones and pressure gradient operated microphones are combined to get maximum sensitivity in one direction and minimum sensitivity in the opposite direction.

Unidirectional characteristics.