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Computer Pre-history
Charles Babbage
Analytical Engine
Started in 1834
Never finished
Computer History
Eckert and Mauchly
1st working electronic computer (1946)
18,000 Vacuum tubes
1,800 instructions/sec
3,000 ft3
Computer History
Intel 4004 Microprocessor
Intel 8085 Microprocessor
Intel 8086 Microprocessor
Intel 386 Microprocessor
Introduced in 1985
275,000 transistors
43 mm2
Clock: 16 MHz
32 bit architecture


Intel 486 Microprocessor
Introduced in 1989
1,200,000 transistors
81 mm2
Clock: 25 MHz
32 bit architecture
1st pipelined implementation of IA32
Intel Pentium Microprocessor
Pentium Processor Details
Intel Pentium III
DEC Alpha 21264
Moore’s Law
Don’t think that the highest-performance processors are always found in a computer !!
Sony Playstation II
Chip designed by Toshiba
Introduced in 1998
10,500,000 transistors
238 mm2
Clock: 300 MHz
128 bit architecture
10 floating-point multiplier accumulators
MPEG-2 decoder
Multimedia processor
Embedded Systems
New Direction: System-on-Chip (SoC)
Bus and CPU
Memory and I/O
Moore’s Law
ITRS - International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
Shrinking Device Dimensions
Increasing Function Density
Increasing Clock Frequency
Decreasing Supply Voltage