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SYNOPSIS ON METRORAIL PROTOTYPE COMING REVOLUTION
INTRODUCTION
This project is the microcontroller based driver less metro train which is used in most of the developed countries like Germany, France, and Japan etc. These trains are equipped with the CPU, which control the train. The train is programmed for the specific path. Every station on the path is defined; stoppage timing of the train and distance between the two stations is predefined.
DESCRIPTION
The project gives prototype for driver less type of metro trains using microcontroller 89c51 as CPU. The motion of the train is controlled by the Stepper Motor, for displaying message in the train we are using Intelligent LCD Display of two lines. The train is designed for three stations, named as Roorkee, Saharanpur, and Meerut. The Stoppage time is of 3 Sec and time between two consecutive stations is 6 sec.  There is a LCD display for showing various messages in the train for passengers. There are indicators, which are used to show the train direction i.e. UP path and Down path. Before stopping at station the train blows the buzzer. It also includes an emergency brake system due to which the train stops as soon as the brakes are applied and resumes journey when the emergency situation is over.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit diagram is shown in the figure. Here Lcd display is connected with the P1 of the MC. Control lines are connected with port 3 of the microcontroller. The contrast of the LCD is controlled by 10K variable resistor. Unipolar Stepper motor is used for running of the train. This motor has 5 wires, which are named as A1, B1, A2, B2 and COM. Common line is given at +5V. The other lines can be connected with port 2 of microcontroller. The stepper motor is derived by the ULN 2003 chip. This Chip includes Darlington pairs, so that motor can get enough current to for its running. This chip requires pull ups at inputs. Push button is placed at pin no. 12, whose default state is logic 1 & when switch is pressed then a logic 0 is applied on the pin. This logic 0 causes 8051 to be interrupted.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS USED
IC’s used:-
AT89c51 microcontroller
Uln 2003 chip
Resistor’s used:-
R1 10 kilo-ohms
R 4.7 kilo-ohms
R3 220 ohms
R4 220 ohms
Vr 10 kilo-ohms
Capacitor’s used:-
C 33 pico farads (ceramic disk)
Other component’s required:-
Two line LCD display
Unipolar stepper motor
Two light emitting diode’s
Crystal oscillator 12MHz
Fabrication tools required:-
Permanent marker
Etching solution (ferrous chloride)
Drilling machine
Cutter
Soldering machine