literature review on earthquakes vibration alarm
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According to the survey we know that the acquisition of seismic data is a very important factor in the detection of the earthquake before its arrival. In previous days, seismometers were used in seismic stations for the acquisition of data. Conventional seismometers use a chart or drum recorder to record seismic signals. The diagram of the drum recorder is as shown in Figure 2. These signals were recorded permanently. Seismometers are costly, large, difficult to maintain and not compatible with the computer . In the oil exploration the exploration area is large and the number of channels, the sampling frequency used for data acquisition are smaller. This decreases the efficiency of oil exploration. A multi-channel seismic data acquisition system was developed to improve the efficiency of oil exploration by increasing the number of channels. This system is based on the wireless sensor network. The use of multiple channels reduces the cost of production, as well as efficiency data acquisition is improved . Geophones are light in weight and do not require electrical energy for their operation. They are able to detect extremely small earth shifts. In older systems, wires are used to transport seismic signals from geophones to recorders. In these seismic systems, the number of cables and plugs used was large, causing many problems. In the wireless seismic data acquisition system, geophones are replaced by a wireless network. The new system is based on an ARM and GSM / GPS module. This system avoids problems caused by the use of geophone as well as reduces cost and labor . There are many types of accelerometer sensors available in the market. Accelerometers can be used for measuring tilt, vibration or shock analysis, and to detect movement. Available accelerometers include dual axis and 3 axis accelerometer sensors. The double-axis accelerometer is capable of measuring dynamic and static accelerations. This dual-axis accelerometer sensor can be used simultaneously as vibration or shock analysis, as well as for tilt measurement. The 3-axis accelerometer sensor detects vibrations, shock and gravity. This accelerometer measures the accelerations along the x, y, and z axes. The selection of the MEMS accelerometer sensor to be used depends on the system requirement and the parameter to be measured. In 2008, Agoston Katalin developed a system based on microcontrollers for the analysis of vibrations.

This system was built using the dual axis accelerometer, the ADXL202 sensor and the ATtiny2313 microcontroller. The system can be used for seismic monitoring, vehicle safety system, inertial navigation, motion detection. The system was based on LabWindows / CVI which gives the data representation and analysis . The Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) accelerometer acquires both low and high frequency data, as its frequency response is linear. The MEMS accelerometer is a low-cost 3-axis acceleration sensor that provides the acceleration value of the X, Y, and Z axes . A low-cost seismic network that is Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) and MEMS accelerometers was built. The QCN combines MEMS technology with information technology and allows volunteers to collect seismic data and calculate results. The QCN gives better earthquake recognition and helps in the study of earthquakes. In recent years, the use of GPS technology has increased and is useful in examining accelerations and movements. The disadvantage of high-speed GPS is that it gives an uncertain output at high frequencies due to instrumental noise. In 2013, a new system is proposed that gives the measurements of a GPS, as well as a MEMS accelerometer. The sensors are low priced compared to the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. This combined system is capable of recording shifts of land along with acceleration changes which is an important factor in the detection of earthquakes . In recent years the use of embedded computers along with the software platform in seismology has been increasing. This helps in performance improvement and offers a reduced system cost. The ARM-based seismic data acquisition system is one of the systems that is based on the hardware and software platform. This system is based on ARM9 and embedded Linux using high resolution ADC. This system develops a device driver that interacts with Direct Memory Access (DMA). This feature helps the processor read large amounts of ADC data. This reduces the processor workload to 25% . The earthquake alarm system that uses ATmega328p, ADXL335 and XBee S2 is a low cost system that can be used at home as a consumer product to save their lives. This system also consumes less energy and can also be used in sleep mode . It is essential to keep track of environmental factors such as pressure, vibration, acceleration and temperature for the prognosis of any device and health management. These factors are useful in estimating process failure. The system based on MEMS, ARM and FLASH sensors is used to keep a record of all these parameters. The data collected by the MEMS sensors are stored in a memory and by a wireless module transmitted to the computer. In order to analyze the proper functioning of machines, motors, in the detection of earthquakes, or in many scientific investigations, the measurement of vibrations and their visual presentation is an important concern. It built a system based on accelerometer, microcontroller PIC and C # .NET that measure the vibrations, as well as the output can be shown graphically in the computer. This low cost system provides a stable and good response in correspondence with the vibration analysis up to 5KHz frequency .
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