Landmines and unexploded ordnance

[attachment=17624]
INTRODUCTION

Landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) are a legacy of war, insurrection, and guerilla activity. Landmines kill and maim approximately 26,000 people annually. In Cambodia, whole areas of arable land cannot be farmed due to the threat of landmines. United Nations relief operations are made more difficult and dangerous due to the mining of roads. Current demining techniques are heavily reliant on metal detectors and prodders.


HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The impulse GPR system developed in the International Research Centre for Telecommunications-transmission and Radar (IRCTR). Impulse GPR system comprises a Impulse generator, Transmitter, Receiver, Pulse


• IMPULSE GENERATOR
The pulse generator delivered by SATIS Co. produces 0.8 ns monocycle pulses. The unique feature of this generator is its small trailing oscillations, which are below 2.4% of maximum amplitude during the first 2 ns and below 0.5% afterwards.




• ANTENNA SYSTEM
The antenna system is one of the most critical parts of GPR system, because its performance depends strongly on the antenna system. The antenna system should satisfy a number of demands.. The transmit The antenna system contains transmitter and receiver antenna should:
• Radiate short ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse with small ringing.
• Radiate electro magnetic energy within a narrow cone in order to filter out undesirable back scattering from surrounding objects.
• Produce an optimal footprint on the ground surface and below it.