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Summary
The project mainly describes about the technical aspects of integrated navigation radio (INR). This type of Navigational System is first introduced in B-787 where many components such as VOR, MB, MMR combined in the Integrated Navigation Radio. Firstly the project mainly gives a brief description about the radio navigation system used in B-777 and B-787 as both the aircrafts are long range and fuel efficient aircrafts. The project also states the use of data buses in the system. It also clearly aims that due to very less back-up systems present in B-787 further research is going for the launch of the aircraft. Then the project deals with various developments and advantages of the radio navigation system. It also gives a brief description about the data buses used in modern aircrafts. As there are very less or no back-up systems present in the B-787, possible recommendations like Electronic Flight Display Unit (EFDU) installations are mentioned. Due to the installations of this unit weight plays a major role and also leads to multiple problems. The main background behind this project is briefly discussed how INR is different from present day navigational techniques and its benefits. Different components are explained how INR works as a whole unit. The vital part of this project is to explain the developments in radio navigation systems and it also describes the display of the information and working of Electronic Flight Display Unit (EFDU).
1. Aim, Objectives and Activities
1.1 Aim:
The aim of this project is to comprehensively research the technical aspects of integrated navigation radio which lead to evolution of modern aircraft.
1.2 Objectives and Activities:
1. A brief description in technical features of an integrated navigation radio.
1.1 Gathering the information from the available sources such as internet and books.
2 Thorough research or testing methods and construction employed in integrated navigation radio.
2.1 A brief study in testing methods and construction employed in integrated navigation radio.
3 A brief description of the radio navigation systems of B-777 and B-787.
3.1 A brief study in radio navigation systems in B-777.
3.2 A brief study in radio navigation systems in B-787.
4 Necessary Maintenance and Safety Measures Influencing Integrated Radio Navigation Systems.
4.1 A study in maintenance and safety measures in Integrated Radio Navigation Systems.
5 Developments of Integrated Radio Navigation System in Future Aircraft.
5.1 Conducting a brief study in development of integrated radio navigation system in future aircraft.
2. Project Background
Due to the improvement in the field of aviation industry from day to day many changes are taking place. Due to the increase in air traffic it is becoming very difficult to fly aircraft. There is a great need of the improved and modernised techniques for this busy airspace. So the main aspect of this project is to reduce the size of cockpit which reduces the stress of the pilots and thus the pilot can fly aircraft more efficiently. This results in the decrease in the long standing of the air traffic which also reduces the emission of carbon to certain extent. Data buses should be modified in order to decrease the size of the navigation system in the cockpit. ARINC 653 is used in the modern aircrafts such as Airbus and Boeing. The use of this data bus decreases or replaces many LRU’s (Line Replaceable Units) with CCS’s (Common Core System). The CCS’S are in turn used as backup in storing many flight data. There are many contradictions in using this data bus due to the high storage capacity of the information which fed into the systems during the course of a flight. There is a two way communication and lot of data can be stored. Optical fibres are used in manufacturing this data bus where large information can be transformed. Finally the use of this data bus gave rise to the new era to the aviation field evolving the new B-787. As there are no backup systems in this aircraft so if there is any Integrated Flight Display Unit (IFDU) should be installed as it gives lot of information about the aircraft in case of emergencies or during the failure of any system.
3. Introduction
The first aircraft flew in skies in the year 1878. The aircrafts used to navigate with the help compass and by the means of maps. The other way of navigating in olden days was by means of sonar where high sound waves are passed from one place to another place. The First Radio Navigation instrument used in aircraft Radio Direction Finder (RDF) was tuned to the required station and then a directional antenna was used to catch the signals which are coming from the tuned radio station. This RDF uses low range or low frequency radio signals to find the direction. This is based on the principle of electrical beacons. For navigating we need to know only two parameters i.e. Direction and Distance. Both parameters are based on the principles: for Distance it is by a bearing or radio phases or interferometry and for direction it is by ranging by measurement of travel times. The first aircraft flew at an altitude of 3000ft and it was a short range aircraft. Due to the development of technology modern aircraft navigate by means of Sophisticated Radio-Navigation Systems. Radio Navigation is one of the method which is playing major role in avionics where communication can be possible from air to air i.e. flight to flight or air to land i.e. flight to airport. Radio Navigation is again classified into DME, VOR, and MMR, MB.
As the technology is increasing from day to day flying has become safer compare to the previous aircraft. The cockpit is much sophisticated then cockpits in the older aircrafts. For instance cockpit in the B-747 requires three officers to fly the aircraft but today (e.g. in the Jumbo Jet A-380) requires only two officers. VOR, MB, MMR are the components which comprises of Integrated Navigation Radio (INR). Integrated Navigation Radio mainly uses Common Core Systems (CCS) which replaces many of the Line Replaceable Units (LRU’S) thus making the cockpit much smaller and also makes the pilot fly the aircraft more easily. Integrated Navigation Radio uses ARINC 653 and this type is used only where integrated and modular avionics are used. The project mainly describes the main technical characteristics of Radio Navigation of B-777 and B-787 and the required modifications which can be made with the existing integrated radio systems in B-787. The project also suggests the advantages and disadvantages of radio navigation in B-777 and B-787. The comparison is made between these two aircrafts as these aircrafts are long range and B-777 is the modern airliner in the aviation industry. In B-787 aircraft many Line Replaceable Unit (LRU’s) are replaced with Common Core System (CCS) in Radio Navigation. The project also briefly covers the construction methods and safety measures employed in integrated navigation radio. Finally, modifications are suggested for the upcoming radio navigational systems.