18-12-2017, 04:54 PM
Eightieth Amendment Act 2000
*Provided for an alternative scheme of devolution of revenue between the centre and states. This was enacted on the basis of recommendations of the Tenth Finance Commission which recommended that out of the total income obtained from central taxes and duties, twenty nine percent should be distributed among the states.
Eighty Fourth Amendment 2001
*Extended the ban on readjustment of seats in the Lok Sabha and the state Legislative Assemblies up to 2026
Eighty Sixth Amendment 2002
*Made the elementary education a fundamental right. Added a new Article. 21- A which declares that “ the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years”.
*Changed the subject matter of Article - 45 in Directive Principles. It now says “ The state shall provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years”.
*Added a new fundamental duty under Article 51- A which reads “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years”
Eighty Seventh Amendment 2003
*Provided for the readjustment of territorial constituencies in the states on the basis of population figures of 2001 census.
Eighty Ninth Amendment Act 2003
*Bifurcated the erstwhile combined National commission for scheduled Castes (Art 338) and scheduled Tribes (Article 338 -A)
Ninety First Amendment
*Provided that the total number of ministers in the council of ministers at the centre and the states shall not exceed 15% of the total number, of members in the lower House. However in the states it shall not be less than 12.*It also provided that a member of either House of Parliament or a State Legislature belonging to any political party who is disqualified on the ground of defection shall also be disqualified to be appointed as a minister.
