Emission Control Technology for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines

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INTRODUCTION
Internal combustion (IC) engines are used in a variety of stationary applications ranging
from power generation to inert gas production. Both spark ignition and compression ignition
engines can be found. Depending on the application, stationary IC engines range in size from
relatively small (~50 hp) for agricultural irrigation purposes to thousands of horsepower for
power generation. Often when used for power generation, several large engines will be used in
parallel to meet the load requirements. A variety of fuels can be used for IC engines including
diesel and gasoline among others. The actual fuel used depends on the owners/operators
preference but can be application dependent as well.


Emission Control Technology for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines


In the case of gaseous fuels, ceramic coatings have shown the ability to allow the user to
operate their engines with timing significantly advanced generating higher power levels. Also,
wider ranges of fuel composition and ambient air temperature fluctuations are tolerated without
the deleterious effects of precombustion. Tests are currently underway to evaluate the effects of
the coatings on specific emissions from gaseous fueled engines.


GASEOUS EMISSION CONTROL OF STATIONARY IC ENGINES
Catalyst Control Technologies
The principle behind a catalyst for control of the gaseous emissions of a stationary IC
engine is that the catalyst causes chemical reactions without being changed or consumed. An
emission control catalyst system consists of a steel housing, whose size is dependent on the size of
the engine for which it is being used, that contains a metal or ceramic structure which acts as a
catalyst support or substrate. There are no moving parts, just acres of interior surfaces on the
substrate coated with either base or precious catalytic metals such as platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh),
palladium (Pd), and vanadium (V) depending on targeted pollutants. Catalysts transform



PARTICULATE EMISSION CONTROL OF STATIONARY IC ENGINES
Particulate matter (PM) emission control of stationary IC engines is a concern for diesel
engines which emit a relatively high amount of particulate compared to engines using other fuels.
Diesel particulate emissions are composed of a variety of compounds from fuel and lube oil
combustion, as well as engine wear and sulfate from diesel fuel sulfur. The majority of the
particulate consists of carbon and the soluble organic fraction (SOF) consisting of unburned fuel
and unburned lube oil. Both oxidation catalysts and diesel particulate filters can be used to
substantially reduce diesel PM emissions.