3g technology
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3g technology

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Simplex and Duplex

In a simplex transmission, information can only flow one way at one time, this is because there is only one frequency being used to communicate on. The easiest way of explaining this is to use walkie-talkies as an example. With a set of walkie-talkies, only one person can talk to the other at any given time, for the other person to transmit, they must wait until the other person has stopped.

In a duplex transmission, two data transmissions can be sent at any one time, this is how mobile phones work, it allows both people to speak at the same time, without any delay. If more than two data transmissions can happen at any one time, this is called multiplex.


TDD and FDD

Up until the recent developments of mobile phones, FDD (frequency division duplex) was used, this is where several frequencies are used, one for the upstream (signals going from the phone to the base station), and one for the downstream (the opposite, from the base station to the phone). A “guard band” is also needed, which sits in between the frequencies to separate them and provide isolation.
Although FDD works, it is very wasteful, as it uses several frequencies in total, and not to there full potential. This is why TDD was developed.


Symmetric and Asymmetric Transmission

A symmetric transmission is where the upstream, and downstream are the same speed, or data rate. Things such as voice on mobile phones use symmetric transmission, as the data rate needed to transmits your voice is the same as receiving another persons.


TDMA vs. CDMA

We have considered how a mobile phone can send and receive calls at the same time (via an uplink and a downlink). Now we will examine how many users can be multiplexed into the same channel (i.e., share the channel) without getting interference from other users, a capability called multiple access. For 3G technology, there are basically two competing technologies to achieve multiple access: TDMA and CDMA



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#2
3g technology ppt

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What is 3G ?


3G is the 3rd Generation wireless technology. It comes with enhancment over previous wireless technology, like high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global raoming. 3G is commonly used with mobile phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to Internet or other networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data and to surf the net.
3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates up to 14.0 Mbps.

1G


The First Generatio began in the early 80’s with commerical deplyment of Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) cellular networks.

Early AMPS Networks used Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) to carry analog voice over channels in the 800Mhz frequency band.


2G


The Second Generation emerged in the 90’s when mobile operators deployed two digital voice standards.

In North America some operators uses CDMA in 800 Mhz band

Across the world many operators adopted GSM standard, which used TDMA in 900 and 1800 Mhz bands.


History about 3G


The first commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001

In 2008, India entered into 3G Mobile arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile services by Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). MTNL is the first Mobile operator in India to launch 3G services.

Applications :

Some of the applications are :

Mobile TV - a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched.

Video on demand - a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.

Video conferencing - subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.





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to get information about the topic "3g technology" full report ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

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