FUTURE TRENDS IN AUTOMOBILE
#1

presented by:
KAD MILIND VISHNU
GADHAVE SOMNATH NAVNATH

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ABSTRACT
Automobile is a self -propelled vehicle. The first three-wheeled automobile was built by carl benz a German Scientist in 1885 working on Otto cycle.
The revolution makes the automobiles with many advanced technologies which makes journey safe and comfortable. We have tried to present some of these technologies in this paper.
(1)-Aerodynamically vehicle Designing and types of cars:
Aerodynamics is defined as the branch of dynamics concern with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object.
This concept was first explained by Sir Isaac Newton in 17th century.
Newton’s law of aerodynamic states that, drag force was due to dimension of body, the density of fluid & velocity raised to the second of power.
F=pSV^2sin^2(ө)
Where, F=drag force, p=density, s=area=velocity, ө=angle of inclination.
(2) Modern Technologies in Engine designing:
Need to Better engine Design
About 60% of pollution is created by automobile emissions. In order to combat climate change there must be reduction in pollution. Vehicle pollution can be minimized by designing better engines. The toxic gases such as Co,Co2, Nox, So2 And hydrocarbons can be reduced with catalytic converter which filter the toxic particles.
(A)-Hunk's ATFT Technology Engine:
ATFT-Advance Troumble Flow Induction Technology causes less emission due to proper burning of fuel.
Basically pollution is caused due to improper burning of fuel due less supply of air for combustion. ATFT technology rotates the air in top wise motion which results in better combustion and less emission..
(B)-Proper Ignition of fuel:-Toyota VVT-I Due to increased speed the fuel supply and ignition timing varied due momentum acting on them. This results in pre-ignition.
Due to pre-ignition the ignition takes place before compression which is also responsible for pollution.
But Toyota's VVT-i has overcome this difficulty.
VVT-i means the Variable Valve timing -ignition system. The sprockets of this system consumes the momentum hence the over running is avoided & maintaining proper cycle.
©-Continuously Variable Transmission:
Here are some cutting edge transmission systems that are and will be production realities in the cars of the future.
The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) system is slowly finding acceptance with major automobile manufacturers though the technology has been around for some time now employed
in two wheelers especially scooters. A typical CVT gearbox (left) uses a toothed V-belt (below) running between two pulleys.
A continuously variable transmission is an automatic that can select any desired drive ratio within its operating range. Unlike a traditional three-, four-, or five-speed automatic transmission, the CVT is an ‘infinite speed’ transmission. It continually selects an optimum overall drive ratio between engine and drive wheels for all operating conditions, whether accelerating or cruising. Unlike conventional automatics, there are no perceptible shifts. During maximum acceleration, the drive ratio is adjusted to maintain peak engine horsepower. At a constant vehicle speed, the ratio is set to maintain an optimum balance of fuel economy and drivability.
(3)-Safety features
(A)-Pre-Crash System:
Toyota's PCS system centers around a computer which monitors around a computer which monitors speed, steering and yawing rate inputs. The computer, camera radar work together to detect position,distance and speed of any obstacles in front of the vehicle even in bad whether condition and poor visibility .
(B)-Assisted parking:
Such system allows the driver to choose between assisted and automatic parking modes. When the vehicle comes near a parking slot, various system-sensors as certain the dimension of available space and also of any obstacles and then the system automatically calculates the ideal parking maneuver. To activate this system driver has to press automatic parking button Then the driver has to operate just clutch, brake and accelerator. The vehicle will steer it self.
©-Air Bags:
The air bags are fitted in dash boards or in steering wheel or more recently at door openings. The bag made upon Nylon Fabric. When about 20Mph of force acts on body due to collision an electronic sensor triggers the propellant.
The mechanical switch starts which burns the Mixture of Sodium Azide(NaN3) and Potassium Nitrate(KNo3). On burning it produces Nitrogen gas which is filled in the air bag at bout 80Mpa inflation pressure. The propellant unit heats up to 160*c . As soon as the vehicle comes out of collision the gas goes out of the bag through tiny holes in bag.
(D)-Anti-lock braking system:
This system is mainly designed to, prevent the car wheels from locking due to hard braking situation. The sensor are continuously sending the wheel speed information to Electronic control Unit i.e., ECU. When the vehicle is running at 20kmph speed and driver applies the brake there are several chances of skidding of the vehicle. But due to ECU the brake force is less as that of point at which vehicle can skid.
(E)-Global Positioning system: Space-based radio-navigation system consisting of 24 satellites and ground support
GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.
Working: GPS determines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time. The receiver uses the time difference between the time of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the distance, or range, from the receiver to the satellite.
Conclusion: The modern features in automobiles have made automobile step up to the design of Ultimate vehicles. The various safety feature have made the vehicles more safe and comfortable.
This makes the journey comfortable and safe. In future more evolution will make the vehicle ULTIMATE .But after all,
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#2
Thanks for the presentation
Learned many new things
Keep people like me posted
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#3
To get full information or details of FUTURE TRENDS IN AUTOMOBILE please have a look on the pages

http://studentbank.in/report-future-tren...automobile

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