Free Space Laser Communications
#1

Definition
Lasers have been considered for space communications since their realization in 1960. However, it was soon recognized that, although the laser had potential for the transfer of data at extremely high rates, specific advancements were needed in component performance and systems engineering, particularly for space-qualified hardware. Advances in system architecture, data formatting, and component technology over the past three decades have made laser communications in space not only a viable but also a attractive approach to intersatellite page link applications. The high data rate and large information throughput available with laser communications are many times greater than in radio frequency (RF) systems.

The small antenna size requires only a small increase in the weight and volume of host vehicle. In addition, this feature substantially reduces blockage of fields of view of the most desirable areas on satellites. The smaller antennas, with diameters typically less than 30cm, create less momentum disturbance to any sensitive satellite sensors. Fewer onboard consumables are required over the long lifetime because there is less disturbance to the satellite compared with larger and heavier RF systems. The narrow beam divergence of affords interference-free and secure operation.

Features Of Laser Communications System
A block diagram of typical terminal is illustrated in Fig 1. Information, typically in the form of digital data, is input to data electronics that modulates the transmitting laser source. Direct or indirect modulation techniques may be employed depending on the type of laser employed. The source output passes through an optical system into the channel. The optical system typically includes transfer, beam shaping, and telescope optics. The receiver beam comes in through the optical system and is passed along to detectors and signal processing electronics. There are also terminal control electronics that must control the gimbals and other steering mechanisms, and servos, to keep the acquisition and tracking system operating in the designed modes of operation.

Operation
Free space laser communications systems are wireless connections through the atmosphere. They work similar to fiber optic cable systems except the beam is transmitted through open space. The carrier used for the transmission of this signal is generated by either a high power LED or a laser diode. The laser systems operate in the near infrared region of the spectrum. The laser light across the page link is at a wavelength of between 780 - 920 nm. Two parallel beams are used, one for transmission and one for reception.

Acquisition And Tracking
There are three basic steps to laser communication: acquisition, tracking, and communications. Of the three, acquisition is generally the most difficult; angular tracking is usually the easiest. Communications depends on bandwidth or data rate, but is generally easier than acquisition unless very high data rates are required. Acquisition is the most difficult because laser beams are typically much smaller than the area of uncertainty. Satellites do not know exactly where they are or where the other platform is located, and since everything moves with some degree of uncertainty, they cannot take very long to search or the reference is lost. Instability of the platforms also causes uncertainty in time. In the ideal acquisition method, the beam width of the source is greater than the angle of uncertainty in the location of receiver. The receiver field of includes the location uncertainty of the transmitter. Unfortunately, this ideal method requires a significant amount of laser power.

It is possible to operate a number of laser types at high peak power and low duty cycle to make acquisition easier. This is because a lower pulse rate is needed for acquisition than for tracking and communications. High peak power pulses more easily overcome the receiver set threshold and keep the false alarm rate low. A low duty cycle transmitter gives high peak power, yet requires less average power, and is thus a suitable source for acquisition. As the uncertainty area becomes less, it becomes more feasible to use a continues source of acquisition, especially if the acquisition time does not have to be short.
Reply
#2

Lasers have been considered for space communications since their realization in 1960. However, it was soon recognized that, although the laser had potential for the transfer of data at extremely high rates, specific advancements were needed in component performance and systems engineering, particularly for space-qualified hardware. Advances in system architecture, data formatting, and component technology over the past three decades have made laser communications in space not only a viable but also a attractive approach to intersatellite page link applications.The high data rate and large information throughput available with laser communications are many times greater than in radio frequency (RF) systems. The small antenna size requires only a small increase in the weight and volume of host vehicle. In addition, this feature substantially reduces blockage of fields of view of the most desirable areas on satellites. The smaller antennas, with diameters typically less than 30cm, create less momentum disturbance to any sensitive satellite sensors. Fewer onboard consumables are required over the long lifetime because there is less disturbance to the satellite compared with larger and heavier RF systems. The narrow beam divergence of affords interference-free and secure operation
Reply
#3
[attachment=14593]
FREE SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION
Background

Until recently the united states government was funding the development of an operation space laser cross-link system employing solid-state laser technology.
The NASA is developing technology and studying the applicability of space laser communication to NASA’s tracking and data relay network both as cross-link and for user relay link.
Presently,ongoing hardware development efforts include ESA’s space satellite page link experiment(LCE)
INTRODUCTION
LASERs have been used for space communications since their realization
Advances in system architecture, data formatting and component technology over past few years results in the usage of laser communication in intersatellite page link applications
This technology offers usage of lightweight
payloads in satellites
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
Link parameters
Transmitter parameters
Channel parameters
Receiver parameters
Detector parameters
FEATURES OF LASER COMMUNICATION
High bandwidth
High data rate
Usage of small size antenna
Narrow beam divergence
LAY OUT
WORKING

Schematic diagram
Flow chart
Acquisition and tracking
Schematic diagram
FLOW CHART
ACQUISITION AND TRACKING

Acquisition is the most difficult because laser beams are typically much smaller than the area of uncertainty.
Satellites do not know exactly where they are or where the other platform is located, and since everything moves with some degree of uncertainty, they cannot take very long to search
Instability of the platforms also causes uncertainty in time. In the ideal acquisition method, the beam width of the source is greater than the angle of uncertainty in the location of receiver. The receiver field of includes the location uncertainty of the transmitter.
MERITS
They are not subject to government licensing since it operate within the near infrared spectrum.
It eliminates the need for securing right of ways and buried cable installations.
The systems are quickly deployable since no radio interference.
Ability to use smaller optics.
DEMERITS
It provide only interconnection between points that have direct line-of-sight(los).
For each glass surface the light intensity is reduced, thus reducing the operational distance of a system.
Occasionally short interruptions or unavailability events lasting from some hours up to a few days can occur.
HISTORY OF SPACE LASER
CONCLUSION

The implementation of the system in an inter-satellite page link will require a substantial development effort.
The growing requirements for the efficient and secure communications has led to an increased interest in the operation deployment of laser cross-links for commercial and military satellite system in both low earth and geo-synchronous orbits.
Reply
#4
to get information about the topic laser communication full report ,ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

http://studentbank.in/report-laser-commu...tems--6013

http://studentbank.in/report-laser-commu...on-systems

http://studentbank.in/report-free-space-...tions--727

http://studentbank.in/report-laser-based...ation-link
http://studentbank.in/report-laser-communication

http://studentbank.in/report-space-laser...plications

http://studentbank.in/report-laser-commu...013?page=2

http://studentbank.in/report-free-space-...ions--2019
Reply
#5
Please sent me total report on free space wireless communication to my mail id maheshrazz414[at]gmail.com
Reply

Important Note..!

If you are not satisfied with above reply ,..Please

ASK HERE

So that we will collect data for you and will made reply to the request....OR try below "QUICK REPLY" box to add a reply to this page
Popular Searches: seminar topics for communications, laser ultrasonics in endodontics, laser foil, free space laser communications seminar topic, the project management communications, viva of he ne laser differection, seminar topics on communications,

[-]
Quick Reply
Message
Type your reply to this message here.

Image Verification
Please enter the text contained within the image into the text box below it. This process is used to prevent automated spam bots.
Image Verification
(case insensitive)

Possibly Related Threads...
Thread Author Replies Views Last Post
  space mouse full report computer science technology 6 8,729 24-02-2014, 10:14 PM
Last Post: Guest
Question Space-time Adaptive Processing (STAP) computer science crazy 2 3,146 16-10-2013, 03:09 PM
Last Post: Guest
  AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATIONS seminar projects crazy 9 10,597 13-04-2013, 11:35 AM
Last Post: computer topic
  LASER Communication seminar projects crazy 8 14,695 24-01-2013, 02:57 PM
Last Post: seminar details
  Integrated Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Access Networks Supporting Inter-ONU Communications computer girl 0 1,123 07-06-2012, 01:47 PM
Last Post: computer girl
  Space Mouse computer science crazy 8 9,572 25-02-2012, 10:57 AM
Last Post: seminar paper
  Optical Free Space Communication computer science crazy 3 3,165 15-02-2012, 12:47 PM
Last Post: seminar paper
  Pivot Vector Space Approach in Audio-Video Mixing computer science crazy 1 1,940 02-02-2012, 10:40 AM
Last Post: seminar addict
  MEMS in space computer science crazy 5 3,929 10-05-2011, 11:29 AM
Last Post: project topics
  Cooperative Beam Forming in Smart Dust: Getting Rid of Multihop Communications seminar class 0 1,429 06-05-2011, 09:20 AM
Last Post: seminar class

Forum Jump: