09-04-2011, 03:25 PM
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INTRODUCTION
Healthcare is a field in which accurate record keeping and communication are critical and yet in which the use of computing and networking technology lags behind other fields. Healthcare professionals and patients are often uncomfortable with computers, and feel that computers are not central to their healthcare mission, even though they agree that accurate record keeping and communication are essential to good healthcare. In current healthcare, information is conveyed from one healthcare professional to another through paper notes or personal communication. For example, in the United States, electronic communication between physicians and pharmacists is not typically employed but, rather, the physician writes a prescription on paper and gives it to the patient. The patient carries the prescription to the pharmacy, waits in line to give it to a pharmacist, and waits for the pharmacist to fill the prescription. To improve this process, the prescriptions could be communicated electronically from the physician to the pharmacist, and the human computer interfaces for the physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals could be voice enabled.
According to Carmen Catizone of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, there are as many as 7,000 deaths from incorrect prescriptions in the United States each year. A Washington Post article indicates that as many as 5% of the 3 billion prescriptions filled each year are incorrect. These numbers indicate that there is an urgent need to reduce the errors in healthcare.
1.1 PURPOSE
This paper describes a distributed e-healthcare system that uses the Service- Oriented Architecture as a means of designing, implementing, and managing healthcare services.
1.2 PROJECT SCOPE
Effective and timely communication between patients, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals is vital to good healthcare. Current communication mechanisms, based largely on paper records and prescriptions, are old-fashioned, inefficient, and unreliable. When multiple healthcare professionals and facilities are involved in providing healthcare for a patient, the healthcare services provided aren’t often coordinated. Typically, a physician writes a prescription on paper and gives it to the patient. The patient carries the prescription to the pharmacy, waits in line to hand the prescription to the pharmacist, and waits for the pharmacist to fill the prescription. The pharmacist might be unable to read the physician’s handwriting; the patient could modify or forge the prescription; or the physician might be unaware of medications prescribed by other physicians. These and other problems indicate the need to improve the quality of healthcare.
A distributed electronic healthcare system based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA) can address some of these issues and problems. We developed a distributed e-healthcare system for use by physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other professionals, as well as by patients and medical devices used to monitor patients. Multimedia input and output—with text, images, and speech—make the system less computer- like and more attractive to users who aren’t computer-oriented.
1.3 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE
Our prototype distributed e-healthcare system uses SOA to enforce basic software architecture principles and provide interoperability between different computing platforms and applications that communicate with each other. Although our distributed e-healthcare system provides user-friendly interfaces for busy healthcare professionals and patients, security and privacy are particularly important in this area, so we designed the prototype with security and privacy in mind. The system authenticates users and logs session information and attaches resources to the resource creator, so that only privileged users can view or modify the data.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] E-healthcare: an analysis of key themes in research
Avinandan Mukherjee, John McGinnis –International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 2007.
Purpose – Healthcare is among the fastest-growing sectors in both developed and emerging economies. E-healthcare is contributing to the explosive growth within this industry by utilizing the internet and all its capabilities to support its stakeholders with information searches and communication processes. The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-the-art and to identify key themes in research on e-healthcare.
Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature in the marketing and management of e-healthcare was conducted to determine the major themes pertinent to e-healthcare research as well as the commonalities and differences within these themes.
Findings – Based on the literature review, the five major themes of e-healthcare research identified are: cost savings; virtual networking; electronic medical records; source credibility and privacy concerns; and physician-patient relationships.
Originality/value – Based on these major themes, managerial implications for e-healthcare are formulated. Suggestions are offered to facilitate healthcare service organizations' attempts to further implement and properly utilize e-healthcare in their facilities. These propositions will also help these stakeholders develop and streamline their e-healthcare processes already in use. E-healthcare systems enable firms to improve efficiency, to reduce costs, and to facilitate the coordination of care across multiple facilities.
[2] Role Based Access Control Models for E-Healthcare Systems
Jarrod Williams Florida A&M University -Department of Computer and Information Sciences
E-healthcare is the use of web-based systems to share and deliver information across the internet. With this ability, privacy and security must be maintained according to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) standards [1]. The reasonable approach to developing a system that can meet these requirements is a system that utilizes role-based models. Role-based access control (RBAC) is important because personnel could change but the position and access to the safe information keeps stable. With a role-based model it becomes easier to maintain access control, assign privileges, and personnel to the appropriate role .
Implementation is based off the security policy, which is a critical component of any system because it defines which roles or people have access to what information. An extensible markup language (XML) is used to enforce this policy because it is a web-based technology that is good for data transportation and security. Within this research project, we are able to give an overview for the state-of-art of secure e-healthcare system, and better understand a way of implementing a secure e-healthcare system that meets HIPAA standards and can share information to patients and healthcare facilities via the web service .
[3] A Distributed e-Healthcare System Based on the Service Oriented Architecture Kart, F. Gengxin Miao Moser, L.E. Melliar-Smith, P.M. Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA;
Large-scale distributed systems, such as e-healthcare systems, are difficult to develop due to their complex and decentralized nature. The service oriented architecture facilitates the development of such systems by supporting modular design, application integration and interoperation, and software reuse. With open standards, such as XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI, the service oriented architecture supports interoperability between services operating on different platforms and between applications implemented in different programming languages. In this paper we describe a distributed e-healthcare system that uses the service oriented architecture as a basis for designing, implementing, deploying, invoking and managing healthcare services. The e-healthcare system that we have developed provides support for physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals, as well as for patients and medical devices used to monitor patients. Multi-media input and output, with text, images and speech, make the system more user friendly than existing e-healthcare systems
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
EXISTING SYSTEM
In existing e-Healthcare systems has focused on record keeping and databases.
It has also focused on access and security for recording and communicating healthcare information
Human errors are more by exploiting electronic communication and record keeping.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
This system aims to reduce human errors by exploiting electronic communication and record keeping, and by providing user-friendly input and output capabilities.
Modern technology is use to expose the functionality of our e-healthcare system as Web Services based on the Service Oriented Architecture, so that both humans and applications can use the services provided.
It provides services that involve patients, physicians, nurses and pharmacists as well as medical monitoring devices, whereas their framework focuses specifically on the use of medical monitoring devices.
guys i wanna work on something like this on my major project so i was wondering if you could help me with more info and the technecal support thanx 
