Abstract
Wind energy has taken off into a new peak interms of its popularity among other new generationtechnologies. The socio-economic and environmental benefitsimpact the general population. A low cost of energy alongwith grid compatibility can be achieved due to massproduction technology, power electronics advancement, andintelligent controllability.This paper attempts to shed the light on many aspects ofwind generation with the aim to illustrate the dynamicoperation of wind generation. Public domain software calledRPMSim is used to perform simulations needed to studydifferent types of interactions between the electricity grid andwind power generation. To make this study interesting andyet easy to understand, a hybrid wind power simulation isused as the subject of this paper. A small village with avarying load, a wind turbine with varying wind speed, dumpload, and capacitor compensations are elements included inthe simulation. This paper is intended to study the smallvillage concept rather than to optimize an existing installation.The balance of real and reactive power and the impact onthe frequency and voltage regulation will be illustrated in thispaper, and switching events will be used to perturb the systemunder consideration.Index Terms—wind turbine, wind farm, wind power plant,equivalencing, wind energy, aggregation, power systems,system integration, renewable energy, stability analysis, gridintegration, and voltage stability.
I. INTRODUCTION
Based on a DOE report recently published [1], windpower could contribute 20% of U.S. electrical energy by2030. To achieve this goal, all aspects of such highpenetration should be investigated.Power generation with wind as the energy sourcecovers various aspects of wind turbine generation, whichincludes aerodynamics, blade design, turbine technology,and the different types of generator configurationscombined with power electronics, and finally, the impact ofwind power on the grid stability. There have been severalpapers and books on wind power and a partial list is givenin Refs [2-9]. The need for power engineers withknowledge of renewable energy generation is obviouswhen considering the goal of achieving energyindependence by building a renewable energy portfolio. Inthe past 20 years, the availability of power engineeringstudents was limited due to the many competing areas ofconcentration in electrical engineering. Electronics,communication, control, digital, computer, and wirelesstechnologies were in high demand. Fortunately, powersystem engineering has been rejuvenated by the progressand advancements made in the power electronics area.New interest in power engineering appears to be on therise, in particular, with ever increasing energy costs andaffordable wind energy seen in the past ten years.Curriculum development for wind energy at the collegelevel has started slow despite of the fast pace of newconcepts and technology being developed by researchersand turbine manufacturers globally. On the positive side,both the industry and academic societies embrace this newtype of generation very enthusiastically.This paper originated from the idea of developing windpower energy curriculum at the Tennessee Tech University.Multi-disciplinary engineering subjects will be introducedand expertise from various departments will be consideredto attract all manner of engineering students. This paper isbased on a subset of the future materials to be considered insuch a course to be offered at Tennessee Tech.The organization of this paper is as follows: Section IIdescribes the components of the simulation; Section IIIdiscusses a case study investigated in this paper, andfinally, in Section IV, a summary is given.We used a packaged program called Renewable-energyPower-system Modular Simulation (RPMSim), developedat National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [8-9].The RPMSim is a public domain software package thatruns on Visual Simulation (VissimTM).II. COMPONENTS OF THE SIMULATIONThe power system under investigation is a small hybridwind power system. The power system environment is anisolated system with a single, conventional diesel generator(DG) controlled to maintain the required frequency andvoltage of the system. The top-view of the RPMSimsimulation is shown in Figure 1. There are three basiccomponents in the hybrid power system: a diesel generatorwith a rated power of 400 kW, a fixed-speed AC windturbine (WT) with an induction generator driven by thewind given in a ‘wind speed .dat file’, and a village load(VL) of 50 kW – 150 kW. While the blocks DG and WTrepresent power sources, the block VL is used to model apower sink (load) with an adjustable power factor. Thecomponents are dynamically modeled in RPMSim [10-12].


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