presented by:
Howard Gitlow, Ph.D.
Steve Ullmann, Ph.D.
Amy Zuo, M.B.A

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Dashboards in the Healthcare Sector
Traditional Management in Healthcare
• Management by Objective
• Performance Appraisal
Traditional Management in Healthcare: Management by Objective
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of negotiating periodic performance objectives between superiors and subordinates in an effort to cascade top management’s wishes throughout an organization. Frequently, objectives (MBOs) are set using numeric targets with deadlines for key process metrics, or just deadlines for projects
Management Information Systems (MIS) are needed to operationally define and measure key metrics in respect to their MBOs. MIS usually track key metrics over time, for example, monthly or yearly, or comparatively, for example, “this month this year with this month last year,” or “this quarter this year with this quarter last year.” (Drucker, Peter F., "The Practice of Management", 1954
An MBO type dashboard is a tool used by policy makers and managers to clarify and assign accountability and responsibility for the key objectives needed to steer an organization toward its mission statement.
Dashboards are used to deploy the mission statement throughout the levels of a healthcare system, from top to bottom, through the development of a cascading and interlocking set of key objectives as measured through numeric targets or deadlines
There are many variants of MBO type dashboards which are used in a wide variety of applications ranging from manufacturing, to service, to healthcare, to government, to education. However, all of these applications contain several similarities. First, all of the applications display a drill-down system of key objectives. Second, all of the applications use data on key metrics to determine the status of each key objective. However, these systems do not usually consider the managerial implications of an automated MBO style of management
Traditional Management in Healthcare: Performance Appraisal
• Performance Appraisal Systems (P.A.S.s) are the vehicles used to assign accountability and responsibility to the individual responsible for a process that generates a key metric subjected to an MBO. The MBO-PAS package is the extrinsic motivational hammer used to enforce MBOs, or in other words, top management’s will.
• Employees can be monitored in respect to many types of MBOs, for example, Quality MBOs, Quantity MBOs, Cost MBOs, or Time based MBOs.
• Examples of Quality MBOs are: Percentage of defective product produced in the Miami plant in the Second Quarter of 2007 <10%, or the Number of warranty claims in the Miami plant as of December 31, 2007 < 2%.
• Examples of Quantity MBOs are: Number of Sales Calls Made in the Miami Office by Salesperson X at the end of the first quarter of 2007 > 650 sales calls, or Number of Records Processed in the Miami Office at the end of the first quarter of 2007 > 25,000 records.
• Examples of Cost MBOs are: Raw Materials Expense in the Miami plant in the Second Quarter of 2007 < $150,000, or Revenue from Product X in Florida in the Third Quarter of 2007 > $1,000,000.
• Examples of Time Based MBOs are: The computer system in the Red River plant must be fully operational before December 31, 2007, or The Ad campaign for Product Y must be submitted to the client no later than 5:00 pm on June 15, 2007.