PRESENTED BY
P.CHANDRA MOULI

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CLADDING
Introduction
The major purpose of cladding is to separate the indoor environment of a building from the outdoors in such a way that the indoor environment can be maintained at levels suitable for the intended use.
Cladding must prevent the entry of water, e.g. rain, snow and ice into a building.
The exterior surfaces form the skin of the house, and are referred to as cladding.
Definition
Cladding may refer to the application of one material over another to provide a skin or layer intended to control the infiltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic purposes.
Ideal Wall Claddings
The best wall systems are highly resistant to water, wind , and mechanical damage.
They should be inexpensive, easy to install, low maintenance, have great cosmetic appeal, and provide good security.
They also provide thermal insulation and have a long life expectancy.
MATERIALS
Masonry products such as brick, stone, poured concrete, and concrete block
Wood products like plank, plywood, and hardboard.
Metal products, including steel and aluminum
Vinyl
Asphalt shingles
Slate and clay tiles
Fiber-cement
Types Of Cladding
Panel cladding
Timber cladding
Stone cladding
Aluminium cladding
Vinyl cladding
Panel Cladding
Panel Cladding is a 75 mm thick reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) panel, used as an external cladding on steel or timber framed construction.
The panels have excellent acoustic and thermal properties and provide a superior substrate for acrylic plaster systems.
Panel Cladding has quickly become accepted as a high quality, cost effective, yet simple cladding.
Installation
On a new building, the framework is first wrapped in building paper to provide temporary weather proofing to the frame.
Horizontal steel Rondo battens are then screwed to the vertical framing members.
The number of battens depends on the buildings exposure to the wind but would normally be either 3 or 4 battens per storey.
Very narrow vertical panels will require some battens to be placed vertically for full support, and sloping gables also require sloping battens.
Panels are cut to size using a segmented diamond blade in a portable power saw and are cut dry.
Each panel is screwed into place using screws driven through from the front of the panel into the battens.
Windows and doors are fitted before panel installation.
All screw holes are filled, and any raised edges or glue lines removed to provide a sooth uniform surface.
Benefits
Weather tight - Panel cladding is breathable and it has ability to transfer water vapour to exterior of building.
Thermally insulating - Because there is no ventilation behind the cladding and panels are continuous across the studs there are no paths for heat leakage through the timber framing.
Acoustic insulation – Panel cladding has excellent acoustic insulation properties, and provides a very effective sound barrier.
Walls clad with panel cladding block up to 47 decibels.
Their durability is more than 50 years.
Timber cladding: Fixing
Cladding boards are normally fixed to preservative treated softwood battens, which in turn are fixed to the face of the building.
The battens allow ventilation to the rear of the cladding and ensure that any rain that penetrates the joints can escape.
Where cladding is vertical, counter battens are used to provide such ventilation in a vertical direction.
Fixing of cladding is normally with nails and they should be either of stainless steel or silicon bronze.
End joints of boards should be butted on to battens for support, with pre-drilling for fixings to prevent splitting of the end grain, particularly with the denser hardwoods.
Cladding should stop a minimum of 150 mm from ground level to avoid splashing and discolouration. Stainless steel insect mesh should be provided to the top and bottom of cavities.
Cladding with a decorative finish should be avoided when they are subjected to adverse conditions because they have short life.
Aluminium Cladding
Used in
Public buildings
Buildings for transport and traffic
Commercial buildings
Stadia / exhibition halls / sports and leisure centres
Public utilities
Industrial buildings
Residential buildings
Retail shops and stores
Advantages-
Aluminium cladding achieves highly insulated roofing and wall cladding systems and excellent protection against weathering.
Used for the refurbishing of old buildings in their original style.
Retain their smart appearance for years with only minimal maintenance, even in coastal situations.
Being fully recyclable, aluminium cladding is also a responsible choice for the environment
Stone Cladding
Stones used in cladding-
granite
marble
sandstone
Limestone
Quartzite
Slate
terracota
Procedures of stone cladding
The sandstone as cladding on exterior walls requires no sealing.
A chalk line must be used to make 100% sure the riven walling is laid in absolutely level horizontal lines. Use a long straight edge every few rows to press the tiles into a straight line.
Water seepage behind the tile i.e. between the wall & the adhesive is to be avoided. All tiles must be fully bedded, i.e. the whole of the back of the tile (100%) is to be buttered.
Always remember to remove any dust or powder off the back of the tile to ensure the adhesive bonds with the tile.
Advantages
For external cladding applications the primary advantage of stone cladding is the maintenance factor.
Stone cladding is frequently used as a decorative feature to enhance a specific surface.
These “features walls” can also become a central point in the home, office or mall.
Used in areas around fireplaces, pillars and specifically designed feature walls, both internally and externally. 
Vinyl Cladding
Vinyl is extruded from polyvinyl chloride homopolymer resin and blended with exclusive DURA technology impact modifiers which form an extremely tough long lasting cladding.
It will withstand extreme temperatures of minus 30 deg. C and plus 55 deg. C
Because of its flexibility and because of the application system it will not creak and groan with temperature.
Due to its colour retention capacity, It requires no painting.
It will not dent, peel, flake, rust or corrode, will hide scratches and is virtually maintenance free.
Defects in Cladding Materials
Spalling (crumbling or flaking) and cracked brick and missing mortar
obstructed weep holes in masonry veneer
rotted wood
swollen, buckled, or cracking wood-based products
peeling paint
staining
rusted fasteners
rusted lath and drip screed on stucco
Codes
ASTM C1242 Standard Guide for Design and ASTM C1528 Standard Guide for Selection.
Conclusion
Cladding systems should be highly resistant to water, wind, mechanical damage and vermin entry
They should be inexpensive, easy to install, and low maintenance, have great cosmetic appeal, and provide good security.
They should also provide thermal insulation and have a long life expectancy.