CCMA & Cloud OS
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Summary
Cloud Computing Definition
Provisioning of dynamically scalable and virtualized resources as a service over the Internet.
Multi-tenancy
Device & Location independence
Ability to obtain virtual computing resource on demand
Provides the Illusion of infinite computing resources
Self-Provisioning of virtual resources
Eliminates the need for up-front commitment by Cloud developers
Provides the ability to pay as you go for use of computing resources
Reliability, Scalability, Security, Manageability
Cloud Computing vs. Utility Services
Timing is right
Technology Push
Broadband network connectivity getting faster and more reliable
Internet service availability significantly improved
Sufficient trust in infrastructure providers
By many measures, Google is already a critical service for most of the world, and it is in the cloud!
Market Pull
Big Data
Software install on premise  Software as a service (SaaS)
Information technology (IT) on premise  IT service as a rented utility (as in electricity)
“IT should not and will not be a core competence for most corporations”
Nicholas Carr’s - “Does IT matter?” and “The Big Switch”
Lowering up-front and day-to-day IT cost: pay only as much as actual resource usage
Cost of Data Center
Types of Clouds
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Software as a Service
DataCenter as a Computer
Majority of cloud computing infrastructure consists of reliable services delivered through data centers
Traditional colocation Datacenters
Multiple servers and communications gear collocated due to common environmental & security needs
Hosts a large number of relatively small or medium-sized applications, each running on a dedicated hardware infrastructure
Datacenters for Cloud Computing platform
Belongs to a single organization,
Uses a relatively homogeneous hardware and system software platform, and share a common system management layer.
Runs a smaller number of very large applications
Cloud computing workloads must be designed to gracefully tolerate large numbers of component faults with little or no impact on service level performance and availability.
Warehouse Scale Computers (WSC)
Not just a collection of servers
Hundreds to Thousands of servers running in concordance
Typically runs on a virtualized platform
Fault behavior & energy considerations have significant impact
Needs to be considered as a single unit
Must be highly manageable
Deployment of software updates
Monitoring & system management
Affordability
Currently power Public Cloud such as Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Microsoft’s, etc…
Soon to be affordable by Enterprises
A rack of servers can easily have > 600 cores
Google “Warehouse Style Computer” Data Center
“Secret Sauce” of Cloud Computing
Commodity components
Virtualization
Servers, Memory, Storage, Network
Self Provisioning
Programmatic Control
Elasticity
Data vs. Response time
Data and Traffic keeps on growing, but response time must maintain relatively constant
Data Center must “scale out”
Manageability
High Availability
“Green” Computing
The New Data Center Industry
Container Computer for high efficiency and environmental conservation (Packaging, PUE, …)
Bundled software (Cloud OS) for integrated service, high scalability, and availability
Large Enterprise will bypass traditional server channels (IBM, HP, Dell, …)
Purchase of entire data center directly from ODM manufacturers
Significant cost reductions
Horizontal scalability
High Availability
Google already directly purchase from Taiwan manufacturers
Mission Statement
Cloud Computing Food Chain
Container Computers
Data Center Architecture Know-how
System Software (Cloud OS)
Virtualization Platform
CPUs
Storage (Filesystems)
Network
Resource Management
Provisioning of virtual clusters
Physical machine load balancing
Network traffic load balancing
Power Management
Security
Hypervisor protection
Compartmentalization between Clusters
System Management
FCAPS
High Availability
Physical component failure does not interrupt availability of virtual resources
Cloud Applications management
Cloud OS
What’s different about WSC’s?
As computation continues to move into the cloud, the computing platform of interest no longer resembles a pizza box or a refrigerator, but a warehouse full of computers. These new large datacenters are quite different from traditional hosting facilities of earlier times and cannot be viewed simply as a collection of co-located servers. Large portions of the hardware and software resources in these facilities must work in concert to efficiently deliver good levels of Internet service performance, something that can only be achieved by a holistic approach to their design and deployment. In other words, we must treat the datacenter itself as one massive warehouse-scale computer (WSC).
Commodity Hardware-Only System Architecture
Architecture Prinicples
Commodity Hardware
A set of compute servers each equipped with homogenous multiple CPUs
Requires CPU/memory/IO virtualization support
A set of JBOD (just a bunch of disks) storage servers proportionally intermixed with the compute servers
Low-power CPU is sufficient; RAID is optional
A layer-2-only network connects all servers that consists of top-of-rack switches and core switches
Everything is virtualized
CPU, Memory, Storage, Network
If a resource cannot be remotely managed, it should not be part of the CCMA data center
Software Stack for Cloud OS
Virtualization Platform
Leverage existing hypervisors
Allocation of virtual machine instances
Monitor VM Performance
Virtual storage provisioning
Intra-VirtualCluster load balancing
Scalable data center network
Isolation between virtual clusters
Virtual machine migration
Virtual Resource Provisioning
Physical cluster deployment
Virtual Cluster
A group of VM’s providing same service, front-ended by a network load balancer
Configuration
Storage space requirement
External network bandwidth requirement
Load Balancing policy
Firewall/IDS setting
Network configuration, including DNS and DHCP
OS image and application image
Virtual Data Center
One or more virtual cluster working in coordination (multi-tier web services, EMR’s, VDI’s, etc)
Physical Machine Load Balancing
Satisfy each virtual cluster’s performance requirement while minimizing the total amount of physical resource reserved
Virtual Storage Management
Storage virtualization
Service models
Dedicated or Shared Volume
Shared Filesystem
Shared Database
Distributed main storage
Provides a global storage abstraction on a large number of distributed storage servers
Distributed secondary storage
Replication, Snapshot, Deduplication
Unification of SAN and LAN: 10G Ethernet interconnect
Each storage block in a disk volume remains available despite failure in switch, server, or disk drive
Thin Provisioning
Scales to a very large number of concurrent accesses
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