26-04-2011, 02:54 PM
PRESENTED BY :
PAVAN.A & ASHISH
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Introducing PowerPoint 2007
WHAT IS CCS?
CCS is a system of technologies that integrates three stages: CO2 capture, CO2 transport and geologic CO2 storage.
Various technologies with different degrees of maturity are competing to be the low-cost solution for each stage of the CCS value chain
FUEL
COAL AS A MAJOR SOURCE
COAL IN INDIA
Usage of coal foe generation of power results in the production on co2
From the graph it evident that coal is a major source of power in India
Plans of implementing ccs has been undertaken and is expected to be completed by 2020
India experienced dramatic growth in fossil-fuel CO2 emissions averaging 5.7% per year and becoming the world's third largest fossil-fuel CO2-emitting country.
Indian total emissions from fossil-fuel consumption and cement production have more than doubled since 1992.
Fossil-fuel emissions in India continue to result largely from coal burning with India being the world's third largest producer of coal.
Coal contributed 87% of the emissions in 1950 and 71% in 2007
CO2 SEQUESTRATION IMPLEMENTATION I N I NDIA
India joined CSLF(Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum) in 2003 with Ministry of Power as Lead Ministry
The objective of Indian Participation is to develop cost-effective technologies by organizing collaborative R&D
Collaborative research on basalt rock studies under a CSLF project initiated with USA. The results on mineral trapping studies would be useful for other countries having similar formations.
Feasibility studies in oil fields for enhanced recovery and saline aquifers started
Scientific institutions are engaged in CCS research and Technical Workshops to disseminate knowledge and create
• Capture Technologies
- Chemical Absorption
- Polymer Membrane
- Cryogenic Fractionation
• Storage Technologies
- Ocean Sequestration
- Geological Sequestration
• Future Technologies
- Reduction of CO2 into Useful Fuels
- Reduction of CO2 into Formic Acid
CHEMICAL ABSORPTION
POLYMER MEMBRANE
Porous Inorganic Membranes
When CO2 is passed through it ,
it gets absorbed
On heating the polymer ,the CO2 is
released back to the atmosphere
Its not an economical source of removal
of CO2
CRYOGENIC FRACTIONATION
Separation of gases through cooling until they enter their liquid states
Due to different Heats of Vaporization, a liquid/gas mixture can then be separated
Used for high concentrations
Flue gases typically have low concentrations
OCEAN SEQUESTRATION
CONTD….
Ocean acts as a natural carbon sink
Algae present in water bodies absorb the CO2 dumped
As a result the produce ALGAE OIL
Which is used as a BIO FUEL
GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION
CONTD…..
When CO2 is dumped ,it needs to be properly plugged to prevent its escape
The dumped CO2 can be used in EOR(Enhanced Oil Recovery)
When CO2 mixes with oil it mobilizes the oil , thus more amount of oil can be extracted from the oil fields
TRANSPORTATION
Bulk transport has solid, liquid or gaseous options.
Solid however require energy to cool the CO2, insulation during transport, or hydrate formation, and liquefaction for geological injection, so the use of the solid phase is generally discounted. Transport as a gas is good for short distances and smaller volumes.
For ambient temperatures liquid CO2 at medium to high pressures is ideal and proven in North America in both volume and distance
USES
Is widely used in Enhanced Oil Recovery(EOR).
Can be used in the production of biofluel.
Reduces emmission of green house gases into the atmosphere considerably
CONCLUSION
India is world's 6th largest energy consumer, accounting for 3.4% of global energy consumption.
CCS is a effective way of tackling the CO2 menace
Any attempt to make coal-powered electricity generation more eco-friendly through consideration of “clean” technologies adds a significant value.
