02-01-2015, 06:56 PM
i need an essay in sanskrit about arunachal pradesh immediatley
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an essay about arunachal pradesh in sanskrit language
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i need an essay in sanskrit about arunachal pradesh immediatley
15-03-2017, 03:39 PM
Arunachal Pradesh is one of the twenty-nine states of India. Located in northeastern India, it occupies the most northeastern position among the states in the northeastern region of India. Arunachal Pradesh borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares the international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east and China in the north. Itanagar is the capital of the state. Arunachal Pradesh has territorial disputes with both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China because of its cultural, ethnic and geographical proximity to Tibet. An important part of the state, formerly called the Northeastern Border Agency, is disputed by China as the legality of the Simla Agreement is not recognized by it. China claims most of the state as South Tibet. It is considered that the state has great potential for the development of hydropower.
Arunachal Pradesh, whose name means "land of the mountains illuminated by dawn" in Sanskrit, is also known as the state of orchids of India or paradise of botanists. Geographically, it is the largest of the East Northeast states commonly known as the Seven Sister States. As in other parts of northeastern India, native people of the state trace their origins to the Tibeto-Burman people. In recent times, large numbers of migrants from various parts of India and other lands have built extensive economic and cultural ties with the state's population. There is no reliable population count of the migrant population, and the percentage that estimates the total actual population accordingly varies. Arunachal Pradesh has the highest number of regional languages in the Indian subcontinent, enriched with diverse culture and traditions.
Districts
Arunachal Pradesh is divided into twenty districts, each run by a district collector. The districts are:
• Tawang District
• West Kameng District
• East Kameng District
• Papum District Stop
• Kurung Kumey District
• Kra Daadi District
• Lower Subansiri District
• Upper Subansiri District
• West Siang District
• Central District Siang
• East Siang District
• Upper Siang District
• Dibang Upper Valley District
• Lower Dibang Valley District
• Anjaw District
• Lohit District
• Namsai District
• Changlang District
• Tirap District
• Longding District
History
Prehistory
Neolithic tools found in Arunachal Pradesh indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least eleven thousand years. The earliest inhabitants of Bhutan and the adjacent areas of the South Asian Himalayas were the inhabitants of the Indus Valley civilization whose history predates the beginning of the Bronze Age in South Asia around 3300 BC before Arrival of other ethnic groups from Tibet and Southern China about 2,000 years ago.
Early history
The history of pre-modern Arunachal Pradesh is not clear. The oral histories possessed until today by many Arunachali tribes of Tibeto-Burman are much richer and point unequivocally to a northern origin in modern Tibet. Once again corroboration remains difficult. From the point of view of material culture, it is evident that most of the Arunachali indigenous groups are aligned with the hill tribes of the Burma area, a fact that can be explained in terms of Northern Burmese origin or cultural diffusion westward. According to the Arunachal Pradesh government, the Hindu texts Kalika Purana and Mahabharata mention the region as the Prabhu mountains of the Puranas, and where the sage Parashuram washed away the sins, the wise Vyasa meditated, King Bhishmaka founded his kingdom and Lord Krishna Married his consort Rukmini.
History recorded from an external perspective was only available in the chronicles of Ahom and Sutiya. The Monpa and Sherdukpen maintain historical records of the existence of local headquarters in the northwest as well. The northwestern parts of this area came under the control of the Monyul kingdom Monpa, which flourished between 500 BC. Y 600 A.D. This region then came under the loose control of Tibet and Bhutan, especially in the northern areas. The remaining parts of the state, especially those bordering Myanmar, were under the control of the Sutiya kings until the battle of Ahom-Sutiya in the 16th century. The Ahoms maintained the areas until the annexation of India by the British in 1858. However, most of the tribes of Arunachali remained in practice largely autonomous until Indian independence and the formalization of the Indian administration in 1947.
Recent excavations of the ruins of Hindu temples such as the 14th century Malinithan at the foot of the Siang Hills in West Siang were built during the reign of Sutiya. Another notable heritage site, Bhismaknagar, has led to suggestions that the Idu (Mishmi) had an advanced culture and administration in prehistoric times. Again, however, no evidence directly relates Bhismaknagar to this or any other known culture, but rulers Sutiya held the areas around Bhismaknagar from the 12th to the 16th century. The third heritage site, the 400-year-old Tawang monastery in the northwest end of the state, provides some historical evidence of the Buddhist tribal people. The sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso was born in Tawang.
Geography
Arunachal Pradesh lies between 26.28 ° N and 29.30 ° N latitude and 91.20 ° E and 97.30 ° E in length and has 83,743 square kilometers of area. Most of Arunachal Pradesh is covered by the Himalayas. However, parts of Lohit, Changlang and Tirap are covered by the hills of Patkai. Kangto, Nyegi Kangsang, the main peak of Gorichen and the eastern peak of Gorichen are some of the highest peaks in this Himalayan region. The land is mostly mountainous with Himalayan ranges running north of the south. These divide the state into five river valleys: Kameng, Subansiri, Siang, Lohit and Tirap. All these are fed by the snow of the Himalayas and innumerable rivers and streams. The most powerful of these rivers is Siang, called Tsangpo in Tibet, which becomes the Brahmaputra after it is joined by Dibang and Lohit in the plains of Assam.
The Himalayan ranges extending to the eastern Arunachal separate it from Tibet. The ranks extend to Nagaland, and form a boundary between India and Burma in Changlang and the Tirap district, acting as a natural barrier called the Patkai Bum Hills. They are low mountains compared to the larger Himalayas.
Weather
The climate of Arunachal Pradesh varies with elevation. Areas that are at a very high elevation in the upper Himalayas near the Tibetan border have an alpine or tundra climate. Below the upper Himalayas are the Middle Himalayas, where people experience a mild climate. Areas in the sub-Himalayan and sea level rise usually experience humid subtropical climate, with warm summers and mild winters.
Arunachal Pradesh receives heavy rainfall of 2,000 to 4,100 millimeters (79 to 161 inches) annually, most of it between May and September. The slopes of the mountains and hills are covered with alpine, temperate and subtropical forests of dwarf rhododendron, oak, pine, maple, spruce and juniper; Salt (Shorea robusta) and teak are the major economically valuable species.
Biodiversity
Bio-geographically it is found in the eastern Himalayan province, the richest biogeographic province in the Himalayan area, which is also classified as a biodiversity hotspot. Arunachal Pradesh is endowed with diverse forests and magnificent fauna. It houses more than 5000 plants, about 85 terrestrial mammals, over 500 birds and a large number of butterflies, insects and reptiles. At the lower elevations, essentially on the border of Arunachal Pradesh with Assam, are the semi-perennial forests of Brahmaputra Valley. Much of the state, including the Himalayan hills and the Patkai Hills, are home to the broadleaf forests of the eastern Himalayas. Towards the northern border with Tibet, with increasing elevation, comes a mixture of subalpine forests of the eastern and northeastern Himalayas of the conifer followed by the Eastern Himalayan shrub and alpine meadows and finally rock and ice at the highest peaks . It supports a large number of medicinal plants and within the Ziro valley of Subansiri district Inferior 158 medicinal plants are being used by its inhabitants.
Economy
Arunachal Pradesh's gross domestic product was estimated at US $ 706 million at current prices in 2004 and US $ 1.75 billion at current prices in 2012. Agriculture is the main driver of the economy. Jhum, the local term used to change cultivation is being widely practiced among tribal groups, although due to the gradual growth of other sources of income in recent years, it is not practicing as prominently as it was before. Arunachal Pradesh has about 61,000 square kilometers of forest, and forest products are the next most significant sector of the economy. Among the crops grown here are rice, maize, millet, wheat, legumes, sugar cane, ginger and oilseeds. Arunachal is also ideal for horticulture and fruit trees. Its main industries are rice factories, fruit preservation and processing units and handcrafts. Sawmill and plywood mills are prohibited by law. There are many sawmills in AP.
Arunachal Pradesh accounts for a significant percentage of India's untapped hydro potential. In 2008, the Arunachal Pradesh government signed numerous memorandums of understanding with various companies planning 42 hydroelectric schemes that will produce electricity in excess of 27,000 MW. The construction of the Alto Siang Hydroelectric Project, which is expected to generate between 10,000 and 12,000 MW, began in April 2009.
Languages
The modern Arunachal Pradesh is one of the linguistically richest and most diverse regions in Asia, home to at least 30 and possibly up to 50 different languages, as well as innumerable dialects and subdialects of it. Limits between languages very often correlate with tribal divisions - for example, Apatani and Nyishi are tribally and linguistically distinct - but changes in tribal identity and alignment over time have also ensured that a certain amount of complication enters the Image-for example, Gallus is And seemingly always has been linguistically distinct from Adi, whereas Galo's earlier tribal alignment with Adi (ie, "Adi Gallong") has only recently been essentially dissolved.
The vast majority of indigenous languages of present-day Arunachal Pradesh belong to the Paleao-Mongoloid with Tibeto-Burman language family groups. Most of these in turn belong to a single branch of Tibeto-Burman, namely Abo-Tani language. Almost all Tani languages originate from the center of Arunachal Pradesh, including (from west to east) Tani language, namely Nyishi, Apatani, Tagin, Rooster, Bokar, Adi, Padam, The Pasi and the Minyong. The Tani language is markedly characterized by general relative uniformity, suggesting a relatively recent origin and dispersion within its present area of concentration. Most Tani languages are mutually intelligible with at least one other Tani language, which means that the area forms a dialectal chain, as it was once found in much of Europe; Only Apatani and Milang stand out as relatively unusual in the Tani context. Tani languages are among the best studied languages in the region.
To the east of the Tani area are three virtually undescribed and highly threatened languages of the "Mishmi" group of Tibeto-Burman, Idu, Digaru and Miju. Several speakers of these languages are also found in Tibet. The relations of these languages, as much with each other as with other languages of the zone, are still uncertain. Further south, lies the Singpho (Kachin) language, which is spoken mainly by large populations in Myanmar, and the Nocte and Wancho languages, which demonstrate affiliations to certain Naga languages spoken south in modern Nagaland.
To the west and north of the Tani area are at least one and possibly up to four Bodic languages, including Dakpa and Tshangla; Within modern India, these languages go by the cognate but, in use, distinct designations Monpa and Memba. The majority of speakers of these languages or closely related Bodic languages are found in neighboring Bhutan and Tibet, and the populations of Monpa and Memba remain closely adjacent to these border regions.
Between the Bodic and Tani areas are a large number of almost unrecognized and unclassified languages which, considered speculatively Tibeto-Burman, exhibit many unique structural and lexical properties that probably reflect both a long history in the region and a complex history of Linguistic contact with neighboring populations. Among them are Sherdukpen, Bugun, Aka / Hruso, Koro, Miji, Bangru and Puroik / Sulung. The high linguistic significance of these languages is denied by the extreme shortage of documentation and description of them, even in view of their highly threatened status. Puroik in particular is perhaps one of the most culturally and linguistically unique and significant populations in all of Asia from the proto-historical and anthropological-linguistic perspectives, and yet virtually no information of true reliability with respect to their culture or language can be Find in print.
Finally, apart from the Bodic and Tani language there are also certain migratory languages which are spoken largely by the migratory and central government employees who are serving in the state in different departments and institutions in modern Arunachal Pradesh. They are classified as non-tribal according to the provisions of the constitution of India.
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