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ACCIDENT INFORMATION USING GPS AND SENSORS
Abstract
It is proposed to design an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM).
In this project AT89S52 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number.
The hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The design uses RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels.
When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude
Brief methodology:
This project is designed with
• GPS Antenna
• GPS Receiver
• Micro-controller
• RS232
• Mobile or GSM Modem
• PC
• Vibration Sensor
• Temperature Sensor
POWER SUPPLY:
A power supply is a hardware component that supplies power to an electrical device. It receives power from an electrical outlet and converts the current from AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current), which is what the computer requires. It also regulates the voltage to an adequate amount, which allows the computer to run smoothly without overheating. The powers supply an integral part of any computer and must function correctly for the rest of the components to work.
A power supply unit (PSU) is the component that supplies power to the other components in a computer. More specifically, a power supply unit is typically designed to convert general-purpose alternating current (AC) electric power from the mains (100-127V in North America, parts of South America, Japan, and Taiwan; 220-240V in most of the rest of the world) to usable low-voltage direct current (DC) power for the internal components of the computer. Some power supplies have a switch to change between 230 V and 115 V. Other models have automatic sensors that switch input voltage automatically, or are able to accept any voltage between those limits.
Power rating:
Computer power supplies are rated based on their maximum output power. Typical power ranges are from 500W to lower than 300 W for small form factor systems intended as ordinary home computers, the use of which is limited to web-surfing and burning and playing DVDs. Power supplies used by gamers and enthusiasts mostly range from 450 W to 1400 W. Typical gaming PCs feature power supplies in the range of 500-800 W, with higher-end PCs demanding 800-1400 W supplies. The highest-end units are up to 2 kW strong and are intended mainly for servers and, to a lesser degree, extreme performance computers with multiple processors, several hard disks and multiple graphics cards. The power rating of a PC power supply is not officially certified and is self-claimed by each manufacturer. A common way to reach the power figure for PC PSUs is by adding the power available on each rail, which will not give a true power figure. Therefore it is possible to overload a PSU on one rail without having to use the maximum rated power.
This may mean that if:
• PSU A has a peak rating of 550 watts at 25°C, with 25 amps (300 W) on the 12 volts.
• PSU B has a continuous rating of 450 watts at 40°C, with 33 amps (400 W) on the 12 volts.
If those ratings are accurate, then PSU B would have to be considered a vastly superior unit, despite its lower overall power rating. PSU A may only be capable of delivering a fraction of its rated power under real world conditions.
This tendency has led in turn to greatly over specified power supply recommendations, and a shortage of high-quality power supplies with reasonable capacities. Very few computers require more than 300–350 watts maximum higher end computers such as servers and gaming machines with multiple high power GPUs are among the few exceptions. Although, in recent years the power demand of "video cards" in the ability to watch high definition (HD) media has led to even the average ATX computer to consume between 400 and 500 watts.
A representation of an Alternating Current (AC) supply is shown in figure 1. The voltage (and current) alternates between positive and negative over time and the resulting waveform shape is a sine wave. In the case of the UK mains supply, the frequency of this sine wave is 50Hz, or 50 cycles per second.
A Direct Current (DC) supply, shown in figure 2, stays at a fixed, regular, voltage all of the time, like the voltage from a battery. A DC supply is needed by most circuits as a constant reference voltage. Also, some components would be damaged by the negative half-cycles of an AC supply.