2G-5G Networks: Evolution of Technologies, Standards, and Deployment


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ABSTRACT

This article presents an overview of the evolution of technologies, standards, and deployment from second to fifth generation mobile networks with emphasis on current and future trends in the areas of wireless networking, multimedia technology, network architecture, and network services. Related research in the development of future mobile systems has been highlighted.

INTRODUCTION

The fourth and fifth generation wireless mobile systems, commonly known as 4G and 5G, are expected to provide global roaming across different types of wireless and mobile networks, for instance from satellite to mobile networks and to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). 4G is an all IP-based mobile network using different radio access technologies providing seamless roaming and providing connection via always the best available network [1]. The vision of 4G wireless/mobile systems is the provision of broadband access, seamless global roaming, and Internet/data/voice everywhere, utilizing for each the most "appropriate" always best connected technology [2].

2G-5GNETWORKS: EVOLUTION

The first generation of mobile phones was analog systems that emerged in the early 1980s [5]. The second generation of digital mobile phones appeared in 1990s along with the first digital mobile networks. During the second generation, the mobile telecommunications industry experienced exponential growth in terms of both subscribers and value-added services. Second generation networks allow limited data support in the range of 9.6 kbps to 19.2 kbps. Traditional phone networks are used mainly for voice transmission, and are essentially circuit-switched networks.

CONCLUSION

The current and future trends in mobile systems is considered that includes the evolutionary path starting from first generation mobile phone systems and is continuing to the development of 5th generation systems. Evolution in network design, architecture, standards, services, and terminals are discussed.