Submitted by
M. I. MOHAMED AKRAM
K. SABANAYAGAN
J. SATHAM HUSSAIN
R. SRIBALAJI


ABSTRACT
Open-access distributed systems such as peer-to-peer systems are particularly vulnerable to Sybil attacks, where a malicious user creates multiple fake identities (called Sybil nodes). Without a trusted central authority that can tie identities to real human beings, defending against Sybil attacks is quite challenging.
Among the small number of decentralized approaches, our recent SybilGuard protocol leverages a key ....etc

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Definition
Over the last decade, the growth of satellite service, the rise of digital cable, and the birth of HDTV have all left their mark on the television landscape. Now, a new delivery method threatens to shake things up even more powerfully. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) has arrived, and backed by the deep pockets of the telecommunications industry, it's poised to offer more interactivity and bring a hefty dose of competition to the business of selling TV.

IPTV describes a system capable of receiving and displaying a video stream ....etc

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VoIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol refers to sending voice and fax phone calls over data networks, particularly the Internet. This technology offers cost savings by making more efficient use of the existing network.
Traditionally, voice and data were carried over separate networks optimized to suit the differing characteristics of voice and data traffic. With advances in technology, it is now possible to carry voice and data over the same networks whilst still catering for the different characteristics required by voice and data.
Voice-ov ....etc

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The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a result of the WAP Forum s effort to promote industry-wide specifications for technology useful in developing applications and services that operates over wireless communication networks. WAP specifies an application framework and network protocols for wireless devices such as mobile telephones, pagers, and personal digital assistants. (PDAs). The specifications extend and leverage mobile networking technologies (such as digital data networking standards) and Internet technologies (such as XML, URLs, ....etc

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Definition

The advent of Voice over IP (VoIP) has given a new dimension to Internet and opened a host of new possibilities and opportunities for both corporate and public network planners. More and more companies are seeing the value of
transporting voice over IP networks to reduce telephone and facsimile costs.

Adding voice to packet networks requires an understanding of how to deal with system level challenges such as interoperability, packet loss, delay,density, scalability, and reliability. This is because of the real time constraint ....etc

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DAP is actually a simple protocol that is used to access directory services. It is an open, vendor neutral information such as e-mail addresses and public keys for secure transmission of data. The information contained within an LDAP directory could be ASCII text files, JPEG photographs or sound files. One way to reduce the time taken to search for information is to replicate the directory information over different platforms so that the process of locating a specific data is streamlined and more resilient to failure of connections and computer ....etc

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leach is not distributed seletion head cluster.Leach is absolete. ....etc

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Definition

The Internet is one of the greatest revolutionary innovations of the twentieth century.It made the 'global village utopia ' a reality in a rather short span of time. It is changing the way we interact with each other, the way we do business, the way we educate ourselves and even the way we entertain ourselves. Perhaps even the architects of Internet would not have foreseen the tremendous growth rate of the network being witnessed today.With the advent of the Web and multimedia services, the technology underlying t he Internet has ....etc

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Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a protocol developed by IETF MMUSIC Working Group and proposed standard for initiating, modifying, and terminating an interactive user session that involves multimedia elements such as video, voice, instant messaging, online games, and virtual reality.
SIP clients traditionally use TCP and UDP port 5060 to connect to SIP servers and other SIP endpoints. SIP is primarily used in setting up and tearing down voice or video calls. However, it can be used in any application where session initiation is a requirem ....etc

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Definition
The Wireless Application Protocol Forum is an industry group dedicated to the goal of enabling sophisticated telephony and information services on handheld wireless devices. These devices include mobile telephones, pagers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and other wireless terminals. Recognizing the value and utility of the World Wide Web architecture, the WAP forum has chosen to align its technology closely with the Internet and the Web. The WAP specification extends and leverages existing technologies, such as IP, HTTP, XML, S ....etc

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