VoIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol refers to sending voice and fax phone calls over data networks, particularly the Internet. This technology offers cost savings by making more efficient use of the existing network.
Traditionally, voice and data were carried over separate networks optimized to suit the differing characteristics of voice and data traffic. With advances in technology, it is now possible to carry voice and data over the same networks whilst still catering for the different characteristics required by voice and data.
Voice-ov ....etc

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Definition

Power line communications (PLC) or Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) allows transmission of data over power lines.Power line communications uses the RF signal sent over medium and low voltage AC power lines to allow end users to connect to the Internet. The RF signal is modulated with digital information that is converted by an interface in the home or small business into Ethernet compatible data.

To gain a good understanding of how PLC Works an excellent understanding of the Power Grid is required. Unlike telephony and it's ass ....etc

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Local Area Networks are now being used to transport voice and video traffic together with traditional data traffic that they have already supported. And in the case of voice and video applications, not only is these is a need for more bandwidth, but there is also a need for guaranteed levels of receive because these applications are very sensitive to latency and delay.
Inverse multiplexing can be proved as technology that overcomes the bandwidth gap that exists between LAN and WAN. Inverse multiplexing is exactly the opposite of traditional m ....etc

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presented by:
K.Raghava Vamsi
L.Naga prasad


ROF net-Transmission of RF Signals over Optical Fibers Using Radio Over Fiber Technology
Abstract- Radio over fiber technology is a combination of wireless and fiber optic networks, is an essential and emerging technology in the field of wireless communications, which can be used in a range of applications including the extension of existing radio coverage and capacity. Obviously, we ....etc

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Cable Television Laboratories Inc., and its associates have prepared a series of interface specifications known Data over Cable System (DOCSIS) that permit the early definition, design, development and deployment of data-over-cable systems on a uniform, consistent, open, non-proprietary, multi-vendor interoperable basis. This would also back up the cable operators are interested in deploying high-speed data communications systems on cable television systems.

This service allows transparent bi-directional transfer of Internet Protocol (IP) tr ....etc

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This paper is an overview of the sources and nature of various transient over voltages and the problems that may result in a low voltage ac distribution system. Voltage transients may be repeatable transients or random impulses and they have got remarkable effects on semiconductors, electrochemical contacts, insulation etc. Switching parallel loads on the same branch of distribution system as well as lighting are responsible for these transient overvoltages. Low voltage ac mains system should be protected from these transient overvoltages. For ....etc

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Definition
Using an ordinary phone for most people is a common daily occurrence as is listening to your favorite CD containing the digitally recorded music. It is only a small extension to these technologies in having your voice transmitted in data packets. The transmission of voice in the phone network was done originally using an analog signal but this has been replaced in much of the world by digital networks. Although many of our phones are still analog, the network that carries that voice has become digital.

In todays phone networks, t ....etc

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Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a revolutionary technology that extends the already ultra-broad functionality of Ethernet by supplying reliable DC power over the same twisted-pair cable that currently carries Ethernet data.

PoE, modeled after the technology used by the telecommunications industry to supply reliable power to telephones, enables lifeline quality power for IP telephones (VoIP) as well as many other low power Ethernet network devices like wireless access points (WAP) and security cameras.

When locating access points, system des ....etc

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This paper seeks to present ways to eliminate the inherent quantization noise component in digital communications, instead of conventionally making it minimal. It deals with a new concept of signaling called the Signal Code Modulation (SCM) Technique. The primary analog signal is represented by: a sample which is quantized and encoded digitally, and an analog component, which is a function of the quantization component of the digital sample. The advantages of such a system are two sided offering advantages of both analog and digital signaling. ....etc

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INDUSTRIAL FAULT INDICATION SYSTEM WITH OVER VOLTAGE OVER TEMPERATURE USING ANALOG TO DIGITAL(ADC) CONVERTERS
Aim:
To design a fault indication system with over voltage over temperatue
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Description:
To measure the voltage, current, and resistance we need to design analog circuits. These analog circuits measure these three parameters and ready to corresponding outputs.
The outputs of these analog circuits are to be connected ADC, ....etc

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