Introduction
In recent past reversible computing has emerged as a promising technology having applica¬tions in low power CMOS , nanotechnology , optical computing , DNA computing , quantum computing etc. To establish the relevance of reversible and quantum computing it seems appropriate to note that the VLSI industry is moving at high speed towards minia¬turization. With miniaturization it faces two issues: i) A considerable amount of energy gets dissipated in VLSI circuits and ii) the size of t ....etc

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Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Engineering Design Optimization

The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method was originally proposed by J.Kennedy as a simulation of social behavior, and it was insitially introduced as an optimization method in 1995 (Eberhart and Kennedy, 1995). The PSO is a robust stochastic evolutionary computation technique based on the movement and intelligence of swarms looking for the most fertile feeding location. PSO's foundation is based on the principle that each solution ....etc

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Reactive power optimization with artificial bee colony algorithm
INTRODUCTION
Reactive power optimization (RPO) is an important
optimizaton process in terms of voltage stability, voltage
quality and active power loss. The main object function in
RPO is the total active power loss function, but in later
years, systems were analyzed in terms of reactive supply
costs and voltage profile.
Since voltage profile minimizes the deviations between
the nominal and bus voltages, the reactive power
transferred from the bus will decr ....etc

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Abstract
In this paper, new descriptor observer design approaches are presented for multivariable systems with measurement noises. If the system matrix is stable, the proposed modified proportional and derivative observer technique allows us not only to decouple the measurement noise in any forms completely, but also obtain accurate estimations of both system states and measurement noises. If the system is detectable and the noise is bounded, it has been shown that two design parameters can provide more degrees of freedom. In this context, t ....etc

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A NOVEL APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR VLSI

INTRODUCTION
Evolution of IC technology : SSI(<10), MSI(10-100), LSI(1000).
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip.
VLSI process steps consist of : generating an idea=> architectural design=> logical design=> physical design=> fabrication=> chip.
VLSI physical design is the process of determining the physical location of active devices and interconnecting them inside th ....etc

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i need java code for bees life algorithm for job scheduling in cloud computing on cloudsim with reduced power consumption. kindly help ....etc

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Abstract—Sensor networks have their own distinguishing characteristics that set them apart from other types of networks. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature to address some of the fundamental problems faced by a sensor network design. Most of the proposed techniques attempt to solve one problem in isolation from the others; hence, protocol designers have to face the same common challenges again and again. This, in turn, has a direct impact on the complexity of the protocols and on energy consumption. Instead of using this ....etc

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