Magnetic Random Access Memories (M-RAM) : A truly universal memory


Introduction
Recent developments in the physics of spin electronics (see Inset) have enabled the
emergence of a new class of non-volatile memories, Magnetic Random Access Memories
(MRAM). MRAM combine on paper all the virtues of current silicon-based memories: speed,
density, non-volatility, low power consumption, radiation hardness and endurance (see Table
1). The first target for MRAM is ....etc

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Billions of chips in today s computers , automobiles, cellphones , media cards ,and those cleverkey chain memories are powerless when idle , yet they dispense immense data and instructions at the flick of the switch. They are flash kind of memorychips , a type of electrically erasable and programmable read -only memory also used as DRAM, dynamic random access memory. Non volatility , flash s property , is the most crucial for electronic systems like cell phones to hold instructions and data needed to send , receive calls,and store phone numbers ....etc

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Abstract
As the microprocessor speed increases from 500MHz to 1GHz and beyond, the designers must find new ways to make the cache memory for high speed access. Here, the clock to wordline path delay is optimized using a novel circuit
design technique. The delay is optimized by about 2.5 times at worst
case corner. Considering a memory element whose access time is 800ps and read and write operation occurs simultaneously in the same clock cycle, 18% improvement of the overall access time is observed. There is also a pre-decoding and p ....etc

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i want to write 3 to 4 pages on the topic superconductors a boon for computers ....etc

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ABSTRACT
The worldâ„¢s most advanced super computer doesnâ„¢t require a single semiconductor chip.
The human brain consists of organic molecules that combines to form a highly sophisticated network able to calculate, perceive, manipulate, self-repair, think and feel. Digital computers can certainly perform calculations much faster and more precisely than humans, but even simple organisms are superior to computers in the other five domains. Computer designers may never be able to make machines having all the faciliti ....etc

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this is Bhavya I want ppt for the topic Protein memories for computers...Bhavi ....etc

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PROTEIN MEMORIES ppt ....etc

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ABSTRACT

The world’s most advanced super computer doesn’t require a single semiconductor chip.
The human brain consists of organic molecules that combines to form a highly sophisticated network able to calculate, perceive, manipulate, self-repair, think and feel. Digital computers can certainly perform calculations much faster and more precisely than humans, but even simple organisms are superior to computers in the other five domains. Computer designers may never be able to make machines having all the f ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
The continued scaling of integrated circuit fabrication technology will
dramatically affect the architecture of future computing systems. Scaling will
make computation cheaper, smaller, and lower power, thus enabling more
sophisticated computation in a growing number of embedded applications. This
spread of low-cost, low power computing can easily be seen in today’s wired
(e.g. gigabit Ethernet or DSL) and wireless communication devices, gaming
consoles, and handheld PDAs. These new applications ....etc

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Over the years semiconductor devices have set a new trend in the field of electronics and created waves in the existing technology of memory storage. Flash memory which has been in use for long now, is now being replaced by new advents in technology of memory such as Ferro Electric Memory, Magneto resistive Type Memory and Ovonic Unified Memory. This paper contrasts the working of flash kind of memory used in Dynamic “ RAMS with that of the other types mentioned above. In brief, advantages over the flash kind of memory are evaluated a ....etc

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