FLASH MEMORY


Presented by
Rajnikant Bal
Roll no:IT200118159

Under the Guidance of
Mr. Pradeep Kumar Jena.



abstract

Flash memory is erased in sections whose sizes and locations in the chip are defined by the part’s manufacturer.
As a result, once a flash memory location is programmed, the entire section containing the location must be erased before that location can be programmed again.
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ABSTRACT




The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic ....etc

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A flash mob computing (also flash mob computer) is a temporary ad-hoc computer cluster running specific software to coordinate the individual computers into one single supercomputer. A flash mob computer is distinct from other types of computer clusters in that it is set up and broken down on the same day or during a similar brief amount of time and involves many independent owners of computers coming together at a central physical location to work on a specific problem and/or social event. Flash mob computer derives its name from the more gene ....etc

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Since today more and more complementary information is available in different electronic media there is an increasing demand for the integration of traditional digital library systems and multimedia systems. which is an advanced meta system and enhances existing digital library systems or retrieval systems by additional storing and indexing of user-defined multimedia documents, automatic and personal linking concepts, annotations, filtering and personalization. Freely available library catalogue, giving access to the merged online catalogues of ....etc

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Introduction

In computer operating systems, demand paging is an application of virtual memory. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only if an attempt is made to access it (i.e., if a page fault occurs). This is an example of lazy loading techniques.

The compressed ROM file system (or cramfs) is a free read-only Linux file system designed for simplicity and space-efficiency. It is mainly used in embedded systems and small-footprint systems. Unlike a compressed image of a ....etc

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The inkjet printing has grown into a mature noncontact patterning method in the recent times. With this method, large-area patterns can be easily created with high speeds while using only small amounts of functional materials and also high resolution can be achieved. RFID tags, organic thin-film transistors OTFTs and electrochromic devices ECDs are the major areas employing the method of inkjet printing. The future of plastic electronics is focussed on this technology.
solution processable materials are used to print conductive features onto ....etc

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PHINES FLASH MEMORY

INTEREST in nitride-based localized trapping storage Flash memory cells has revived for 10-min-cell operation, which can double the memory density. Besides, they also show better scalability since charges are stored in nitride traps rather than a poly silicon floating-gate in conventional Flash memory cells. Nitride storage memories do not have floating-gate-induced drain turn-on and coupling issues, which are believed to be the scaling limitations of conventional floating-gate memories .Various operation schemes were pro ....etc

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INTEREST in nitride-based localized trapping storage Flash memory cells has revived for 10-min-cell operation, which can double the memory density. Besides, they also show better scalability since charges are stored in nitride traps rather than a poly silicon floating-gate in conventional Flash memory cells. Nitride storage memories do not have floating-gate-induced drain turn-on and coupling issues, which are believed to be the scaling limitations of conventional floating-gate memories .Various operation schemes were proposed based on the nitr ....etc

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MOBILE MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION

Mobile multimedia is defined as a set of protocols and standards for multimedia information exchange over wireless networks.
Mobile multimedia is one of the mainstream systems for the next generation mobile communications, featuring large voice capacity, multimedia applications and high-speed mobile data services.

Cellular Evolution
Mobile Multimedia Basics
Mobility is one of the key drivers of mobile multimedia
User mobility: The user is forced to move from one location to
location during f ....etc

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Abstract Even though their capacities are still orders of mag- nitude lower than those of hard disks, flash storage sys- tems are rapidly gaining importance in energy-constrained systems. This paper focuses on USB flash drives, which can provide portable storage to mobile systems or stor- age to systems that otherwise do not have persistent stor- age opportunities (e.g., low-power sensor devices). The paper presents studies relating to power consumption, en- ergy overheads and benefits, and performance impacts of USB flash drives. The key insig ....etc

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