Near Field Communication or NFC, is a short-range high frequency wireless communication technology which enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 centimetre (around 4 inches) distance. The technology is a simple extension of the ISO 14443 proximity-card standard (contactless card, RFID) that combines the interface of a smartcard and a reader into a single device. An NFC device can communicate with both existing ISO 14443 smartcards and readers, as well as with other NFC devices, and is thereby compatible with existing co ....etc

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Ever since the commercialization of the mobile phones there had been a rapid growth in wireless communication. The first mobile phones were not much sophisticated-in a sense that they were used only for conversation. As customer demands grew researchers all over the world began to think of incorporating more facilities to the mobile phones. Audio &video storage and display facilities were added. Another enhancement was digital cameras incorporated in the mobile phones. With the advent of these features a large amount of data had to be transmitt ....etc

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Near Filed Communication (NFC) is a close range radio communication protocol used for very sensitive applications. It was jointly developed by Sony and Philips. The standard specifies ways to establish P2P(Peer-to-Peer) communication links for data exchange. After the P2P network has been configured, another wireless communication technology, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, can be used for longer range communication or for transfering larger amounts of data. Its development was parallel to RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), but both differ in m ....etc

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Abstract

Magnets have been known for centuries.
The Chinese and Greeks knew about the “magical” properties of magnets. The ancient Greeks used a stone substance called “magnetite.” They discovered that the stone always pointed in the same direction. Later, stones of magnetite called “lodestones” were used in navigation.




William Gilbert, an English physician, first proposed in 1600 that the earth itself is a magnet, and he predicted that the Earth would be found to have magnetic poles.


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Electricity & Magnetism


Atoms…

Have neutrons, protons, and electrons.

Protons are positively charged

Electrons are negatively charged


Electrons…

Are located on the outer edges of atoms…they can be moved.

A concentration of electrons in an atom creates a net negative charge.


Static Electricity

The build up of an electric charge on the surface of an object.

The charge builds up but does not flow.

Static elect ....etc

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field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic components called logic blocks, and programmable interconnects. Logic blocks can be programmed to perform the function of basic logic gates such as AND, and XOR, or more complex combinational functions such as decoders or mathematical functions. In most FPGAs, the logic blocks also include memory elements, which may be simple flip-flops or more complete blocks of memory. A hierarchy of programmable interconnects allows logic blocks to be interconnected as ne ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
Various types of displays have become common in the every day life. The displays are used in televisions, computers etc. They also have wide use in laboratories and in medical applications. The displays are those devices by which we can view moving objects. The displays are manufactured depending upon their application.

One of the hottest markets driving physics research is the demand for a perfect visual display. People want, for example, large, thin, lightweight screens for high-definition TV and outside displays and very hi ....etc

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Axial-field electrical machines offer an alternative to the conventional machines. In the axial-field machine, the air gap flux is axial in direction and the active current carrying conductors are radially positioned. This paper presents the design characteristics, special features, manufacturing aspects and potential applications for axial-field electrical machines. The experimental from several prototypes, including d.c. machines, synchronous machines and single-phase machines are given. The special features of the axial-field machine, such a ....etc

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?CAN MACHINES THINK?
Neural network is a massively parallel distributed processor made of simple processing units which has a natural propensity for storing experimental knowledge and making it available for us. Neural network are a different paradigm for computing. v Von Neumann machines are based on the processing / memory abstraction of human information processing. v Neural networks are based on the parallel architecture of human brain. For the insulation design of high voltage apparatus, electric field optimization technique becomes indis ....etc

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Will the magnetic field of the Earth reverse its direction in the future?possibility of magnetic reversal & how it affect life,AND OTHER SUCH RELATED STUFF. ....etc

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