Definition
Satellites have been used for years to provide communication network links. Historically, the use of satellites in the Internet can be divided into two generations. In the first generation, satellites were simply used to provide commodity links (e.g., T1) between countries. Internet Protocol (IP) routers were attached to the page link endpoints to use the links as single-hop alternatives to multiple terrestrial hops. Two characteristics marked these first-generation systems: they had limited bandwidth, and they had large latencies t ....etc

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Satellites have been used for years to provide communication network links. Historically, the use of satellites in the Internet can be divided into two generations. In the first generation, satellites were simply used to provide commodity links (e.g., T1) between countries. Internet Protocol (IP) routers were attached to the page link endpoints to use the links as single-hop alternatives to multiple terrestrial hops. Two characteristics marked these first-generation systems: they had limited bandwidth, and they had large latencies that were du ....etc

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Definition

THE PRINCIPLE OF SEARCH

DRAKE EQUATION
N = R * x f p x n e x f l x f i x f c x L
The terms in the equation can be explained as follows
o N - Number of communicative civilizations
o R* - Average rate of formation of stars over the lifetime of the galaxy (10 to 40 per year)
o fp - Fraction of those stars with planets (0 < fp <1, estimated at 0.5 or 50 percent)
o ne - Average number of earth-type planets per planetary system (0 < ne <1, estimated at 0.5 or 50 percent)
o fl - Fraction of those planets where life develops ....etc

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Business Intelligence 2.0 (BI 2.0) is a loose term referring to new trends and advances in Business Intelligence (BI). The 2.0 version number alludes to version numbers assigned to software even though it is only an abstract concept not a specific application (much like Web 2.0). In simple terms it refers to the new generation of Business Intelligence software that is more pro-active than reactive (the latter merely analysing data or reports produced after the fact). The first generation of Business Intelligence (BI 1.0) analysed decisions, w ....etc

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Collective intelligence, as characterized by Tom Atlee, Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Francis Heylighen, Ron Dembo, and other theorists, is a working form of intelligence which overcomes groupthink and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process€while maintaining reliable intellectual performance. In this context, it refers to robust consensus decision making, and may properly be considered a subfield of sociology. Another CI pioneer, George, author of The Quest for Collective Intell ....etc

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Definition

An automotive controller that complements the driving experience must work to avoid collisions, enforce a smooth trajectory, and deliver the vehicle to the intended destination as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, satisfying
these requirements with traditional methods proves intractable at best and forces us to consider biologically -inspired techniques like Swarm Intelligence.

A controller is currently being designed in a robot simulation program with the goal of implementing the system in real hardware to investigate these ....etc

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Controlling a substation by a fuzzy controller speeds up response time diminishes up the possibility of risks normally related to human operations. The automation of electric substation is an area under constant development Our research has focused on, the Selection of the magnitude to be controlled, Definition and implementation of the soft techniques, Elaboration of a programming tool to execute the control operations. it is possible to control the desired status while supervising some important magnitudes as the voltage, power factor, and ha ....etc

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Definition
As corporations move rapidly toward deploying e-business systems, the lack of business intelligence facilities in these systems prevents decision-makers from exploiting the full potential of the Internet as a sales, marketing, and support channel. To solve this problem, vendors are rapidly enhancing their business intelligence offerings to capture the data flowing through e-business systems and integrate it with the information that traditional decision-making systems manage and analyze. These enhanced business intelligence-or e-int ....etc

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(SI) is an artificial intelligence technique based around the study of collective behavior in decentralized, self-organized systems. The expression swarm intelligence was introduced by Beni & Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems. SI systems are typically made up of a population of simple agents interacting locally with one another and with their environment. Although there is normally no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local interactions between such agents often lead to the emerg ....etc

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Artificial Intelligence for Speech Recognition

Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (computers, robots, etc).

AI is the behavior of a machine, which, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent. It makes machines smarter and more useful, is less expensive than natural intelligence. Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to Artificia ....etc

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