Valve timing is the regulation of the points in the combustion cycle, at which the valves are set to open and close. Since the valves require a finite period of time in which to open or close without abruptness, a slight lead-time is always necessary for proper operation. The design of the valve-operating cam provides for the smooth transition from one position to the other, while the cam setting determines the timing of the valve.

In a typical four-stroke engine, the inlet valve is set to open before TDC (top dead centre), towards the end o ....etc

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Abstract
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a form of internal combustion in which well-mixed fuel and oxidizer (typically air) are compressed to the point of auto-ignition. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have
the potential for high efficiencies and low pollutant emissions.By comparison with spark ignition (SI) engines, for example,HCCI engines can yield a 15-20% increase in fuel economy while emitting lower levels of oxides of nitrogen (NOx).HCCI engines can also achieve thermal eff ....etc

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ARE USED IN A VARIETY OF STATIONARY APPLICATIONS RANGING FROM POWER GENERATION TO INERT GAS PRODUCTION.
BOTH SPARK AND COMP. ENGINES CAN BE FOUND.
A VARIETY OF FUELS CAN BE USED FOR I.C.ENGINES.
THE OPERATION OF I.C ENGINES RESULTS IN THE ENISSION OF HYDROCARBONS,CO,NOX,, & PARTICULATE MATTER

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ARE USED IN A VARIETY OF STATIONARY APPLICATIONS RANGING FROM POWER GENERATION TO INERT GAS PRODUCTION.
BOTH SPARK AND COMP. ENGINES CAN BE FOUND.
A VARIETY OF FUELS CAN BE USED FOR I.C.ENGINE ....etc

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The world is surely and steadily moving towards the newer generation of direction injection diesels, be it unit injected or common-railed. Mercedes Benz had already introduced the common rail engine in India a few years back but then they are the technology leaders worldwide and augur no comparisons. so. it was a matter of time before one of the other car manufacturers in India took up the challenge and introduced the engine in a car that could be available to a much larger segment of the car-buying populace.

As it has done on a number of ....etc

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i want to do project related to increase of efficiency ic engine()s..................... so i need details on this ........
how to do and how to prepare.......... ....etc

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The world is surely and steadily moving towards the newer generation of direction injection diesels, be it unit injected or common-railed. Mercedes Benz had already introduced the common rail engine in India a few years back but then they are the technology leaders worldwide and augur no comparisons. so. it was a matter of time before one of the other car manufacturers in India took up the challenge and introduced the engine in a car that could be available to a much larger segment of the car-buying populace. As it has done on a number of occas ....etc

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CAMLESS ENGINES A NEW APPROACH IN I.C.ENGINES
internal combustion comprise the valve train hardware . In the camless valvetrain, the valve motion is controlled directly by a valve actuator there's no camshaft or connecting mechanisms. Various studies have shown that a camless valve train can eliminate many otherwise necessary engine design trade-offs.Automotive engines equipped with camless valvetrains of the electrohydraulic and electro-mechanical type have been studied for over twenty years, but produc ....etc

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INTRODUCTION

A. Relevance :-
The economic of India depends to a large extent on the wheels of transport. The specter of economy ruin due to depleted oil reserves has changed the interest of scientist and research work towards alternative fuels for motor vehicle. Viable substitute for motor spirit are gaseous hydrocarbons, hydrogen gas, alcohol & electricity that run on hydrocarbon gas & electricity are still in the experimental stage. While alcohol is used as a fuel chiefly in Brazil, it?s feas ....etc

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REDUCED EMISSIONS OF OXIDES OF NITROGEN IN SHIP ENGINES

INTRODUCTION

Oxides of nitrogen emission from ship engines are significant on a global level. These emissions participate in the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. Here we look at to some ways by which these emissions can be reduced.

Mechanism of NOx Formation in Diesel Engines.

At the temperature of the Burning of fuel spray (about 2000 K to 2500 K).
Nitrogen + Oxygen Oxides of Nitrogen
....etc

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ME Engines “ the New Generation of Diesel Engines

INTRODUCTION

The introduction of the electronically controlled camshaft-less low speed diesel engines, which is now gaining momentum, is a milestone in diesel technology that deserves a place in history like Rudolf Dieselâ„¢s first engine in Augsburg, the 1912 motor vessel Selandia, the introduction of turbocharging on two-stroke diesels in 1954, and the first SCR (Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction) systems on ships in 1989. This paper will outline how MA ....etc

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