ISFET is an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor used to measure ion concentrations in solution and is a new type of miniaturised semiconductor chemical sensor. It is based on the structure of the metal-insulator-semi-conductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) in which a metal gate is replaced by an ion selective membrane, an electrolyte and a reference electrode here when the ion concentration (such as pH) changes, the current through the transistor will change accordingly. Here, the solution is used as the gate electrode. A voltage between s ....etc

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top down methods of nanotechnology i need description about this lithographic techniques ....etc

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I want information on ion propulsion. ....etc

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Presented By:
Marcin Janicki*, Marcin Daniel, Michal Szermer, Andrzej Napieralski

Abstract
The proper design and simulation of modern electronic microsystems oriented towards environment monitoring requires accurate models of various ambient sensors. In particular, this paper presents a comprehensive model of an ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET). The model can be employed straightforwardly for simulations at device, circuit or system level. First, the model was validated with electrical measurements a ....etc

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Modern radiation therapy techniques, such as stereotactic radiotherapy and tomotherapy, deliver the total treatment dose to the patient using many small fields. This helps to construct a dose distribution which delivers a high dose to the tumour, while minimizing the dose to normal tissue. When considering a single small field, the dose resulting from that small field is usually reported as a relative dose factor (RDF). The RDF is the percentage of dose in a small field as compared to a large reference field. Task group report #51 from the Amer ....etc

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Human detect ion in video

Dmitry Golomidov
Advisor: Jianbo Shi


Abstract

This paper will attempt to analyze and compare a number of different existing approaches to human detection in video. Even though there have already been a number a papers written on the topics of skin and face detection this paper will go beyond these analyze, culminating in an open source package aimed at anyone working with image processing and object recognition ....etc

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Abstract:
The ELIICA is a revelation of a concept car made in Japan that is totally electric. The ELIICA short form for Electric Lithium Ion CAr was developed and created by Prof. Hiroshi Shimizu of Keio University, Tokyo. The ELIICA is powered by lithium ion batteries and uses eight 60kw in-wheel drive motors to provide the equivalent of 800hp. The in-wheel drive eliminates the need for the power transmission devices connecting the engine and the wheels that are necessary in conventional cars. Because all the wheels are d ....etc

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LOIC is an open source network stress testing application, written in C#.It performs a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack on a target site. The method is to flood the target site with TCP packets, UDP packets, or HTTP requests. This finally results in the disruption of the service to the host. An imaginary weapon in the Command & Conquer series of video games lends its name to the tool. Recording Industry Association of America's website, Scientology websites etc were the websites which were targeted by an anonymous group. The compan ....etc

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ION IMPLANTATION
Ion implantation refers to a process whereby dopant ions are introduced into a semiconductor material to change its carrier concentration and conductivity type.

OBJECTIVES
The desired quantity of dopant should be implanted
The dopant should be implanted at the correct depth
The dopant implanted should be restricted to the desired areas of the wafer
The implanted dopants should be electrically active
There should be no damage to the implanted areas

DISCUSSIONS
The basic ion ....etc

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PRESENTED BY:
S.CHAITANYA


Ion Beam Machining
Ion source
The Ion Source has arrays of permanent magnets to produce a multi-cusp magnetic field in regions remote from the plasma grid and the RF antenna.
The field confines the plasma by lengthening the path of ionizing electrons and reducing their drift to the walls.
Plasma sources generate plasmas.
Excitation of plasma requires partial ionization of neutral atoms and/or molecules of a medium.
There are several ways to cause ionization: c ....etc

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