ROBUST DWT-SVD DOMAIN IMAGE WATERMARKING: EMBEDDING DATA IN ALL FREQUENCIES
Watermarking (data hiding) is the process of embedding data into a multimedia element such as image, audio or video. This embedded data can later be extracted from, or detected in, the multimedia for security purposes. A watermarking algorithm consists of the watermark structure, an embedding algorithm, and an extraction, or detection, algorithm. Watermarks can be embedded in the pixel domain or a transform domain. In multimedia applications, embedded watermarks shou ....etc

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Single-link failure detection in all-optical networks using monitoring cycles and paths

In this paper, we consider the problem of fault localization in all-optical networks. We introduce the concept of monitoring cycles (MCs) and monitoring paths (MPs) for unique identification of single-link failures. MCs and MPs are required to pass through one or more monitoring locations. They are constructed such that any single-link failure results in the failure of a unique combination of MCs and MPs that pass through the monitoring location(s). For ....etc

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Abstract

Systematic errors can occur in every chemical analysis independent of the method used. In general, the risk of systematic errors can be diminished by separation steps prior to the determination procedure. In sensor measurements systematic errors can be noticed only by anlysing real samples with a known concentration of the analyte with a great variety of matrices. The sources for such errors are manifold, although excellent reproducibility of the results is shown. The main reason for a systematically blased result in the field of ch ....etc

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The 'electronic mail server' has been developed to simplify and enhance inter personnel communication in an intra-organizational setup. This follows a client-server approach where the website works on the server and the user form the client. The client requests the server for services and the server responds by transferring required information to the user.The site is going to be operated by the Internet users and administered by the organizational administrator who will be server based.

The administrator will have the privilege to limit th ....etc

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estimation of errors due to reduction in modal superposition method. Mode superposition methods are used to calculate the dynamic response of linear systems. In modal superposition method, it becomes unnecessary to consider all the modes of a particular system. In generally only a few number of modes contribute significantly to the solution. The main aim of the study is to identify the significant modes required for good approximation.

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This a very simple radio.Only five parts are here for the radio.



Lazer works in high voltage supply.How can we make high voltage out of 220/110 V AC.Here gives the circuit.You can use this to make high voltage supply.But prevention should be taken to avoid shoking hazards.
The circuit takes 115 V supply and gives to step up transformer. Three diodes and three capacitors are used to eliminate the ripples of AC.




The main components are microphone, antenna, 2N2222A NPN Transistor. The range of the transmitter when r ....etc

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