Organic material that has semiconductor properties. Semiconductivity is exhibited by single molecules, short chain (oligomers) and organic polymers. Semiconducting small molecules (aromatic hydrocarbons) include the polycyclic aromatic compounds pentacene, anthracene,and The environment of surface electrons at 'solid-to-liquid' interfaces is somewhat extreme, subjected to intense local electric fields or harsh chemical pressures that high-density ionic charge or polarization of mobile molecules create. In this proceedings, we argue functions of ....etc

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In this topic we present a general theory of anharmonic lattice statics for analysis of defective complex lattices. This theory differs from the classical treatments of lattice statics in that it does not rely on knowledge of force constants for a limited number of nearest neighbor interactions. Instead, the only thing needed as input is an interatomic potential that models the interaction of atoms this theory takes into account the fact that close to defects force constants are different from those in the bulk crystal. This formulation of latt ....etc

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Voltage surges are unpredictable, momentary increases in voltage. Typically, lightning, inductive switching, or power switching cause surges, which can damage the insulation in building wiring, electrical appliances, or electronic equipment.

Power surges, which can create havoc with today's highly sensitive electrical and electronic equipment, are an unavoidable fact of life. Power surges, both voltage and current, are occurring continually in today?s power systems.

Whether they occur naturally, such as from lightning and static electri ....etc

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals

MOHAMMAD IMRAN AZIZ
Assistant Professor
PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
SHIBLI NATIONAL COLLEGE, AZAMGARH (India).



Synergistic Effects of Surfactants

Observed when surfactants having relatively similar structure or ionic property are mixed
Resulted in the formation of liquid crystal structures or complexes at the interface by intermolecular interactions between surfactants
Examples
Anionic and nonionic in synthetic latex emulsion polymerisation,
Mixtu ....etc

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Lithium ion cells packaged in aluminium cans continue to be the highest performing cells in the market. Circuit protection for rechargeable lithium-based battery cells and packs in a critical design consideration.

overcurrent and overtemperature conduction that can result from accidental shorting or abusive/runaway charging can raise temperature high enough to damage components and cause substantial damage.

This paper presents the use of PPTC devices for short-circuit ....etc

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This is a new technique for the protection of transmission systems by using the global positioning system (GPS) and fault generated transients. In this scheme the relay contains a fault transient detection system together with a communication unit, which is connected to the power line through the high voltage coupling capacitors of the CVT.

Relays are installed at each bus bar in a transmission network. These detect the fault generated high frequency voltage transient signals and record the time instant corresponding to when the initial ....etc

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The recent growth of power circuit capacities has caused fault currents to increase. Since the protection of power systems from the fault currents is very important, it is needed to develop a fault current limiter.

A fault current limiter is required to assure (1) rapid reaction to fault currents, (2) how impedance in normal operation and (3) large impedance during fault conditions. A super conducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) can meet these requirements superconductors, because of their sharp transition from zero resistance at normal cu ....etc

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Introduction

A new simple, effective and inexpensive method for lightning protection of medium voltage overhead distribution line is using long flashover arresters (LFA). A new long flashover arrester model has been developed. It is designated as LFA-M. It offers great number of technical and economical advantages.

The important feature of this modular long flashover arrester (LFA-M) is that it can be applied for lightning protection of overhead distribution line against both induced overvoltages and direct lightning strokes. The induce ....etc

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A Theory of Anharmonic Lattice Statics for Analysis of Defective Crystals


In this topic we present a general theory of anharmonic lattice statics for analysis of defective complex lattices. This theory differs from the classical treatments of lattice statics in that it does not rely on knowledge of force constants for a limited number of nearest neighbor interactions. Instead, the only thing needed as input is an interatomic potential that models the interaction of atoms this theory takes into account the fact that close to defects force c ....etc

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its possible to generate the electricity from speed breaker using piezoelectric crystal? ....etc

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