In the development of packaging of electronics the aim is to lower cost, increase the packaging density, and improve the performance while still maintaining or even improving the reliability of the circuits. Flip chip microelectronic assembly is the direct electrical connection of face-down electronic components onto substrates, circuit boards, or carriers, by means of conductive bumps on the chip bond pads since the chip is directly attached to the substrate, board, or carrier by the conductive bumps. Flip chip has advantage in size, performan ....etc

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Definition
These computers include the entire spectrum of PCs, through professional workstations up to super-computers. As the performance of computers has increased, so too has the demand for communication between all systems for exchanging data, or between central servers and the associated host computer system.The replacement of copper with fiber and the advancement sin digital communication and encoding are at the heart of several developments that will change the communication infrastructure. The former development has provided us with hu ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION

Computer chips of today are synchronous. They contain a main clock, which controls the timing of the entire chips. There are problems, however, involved with these clocked designs that are common today.

One problem is speed. A chip can only work as fast as its slowest component. Therefore, if one part of the chip is especially slow, the other parts of the chip are forced to sit idle. This wasted computed time is obviously detrimental to the speed of the chip.

New problems with speeding up a clo ....etc

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i want full report on carbon chip or diamond chip and ppt ....etc

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Introduction

The Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) is the most widely used serial data communication circuit ever. UARTs allow full duplex communication over serial communication links as RS232. UARTs are available as inexpensive standard products from many semiconductor suppliers, making it unlikely that this specific design is useful by itself.

The basic functions of a UART are a microprocessor interface, double buffering of transmitter data, frame generation, parity generation, parallel to serial conversion, double buf ....etc

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Definition

Computer chips of today are synchronous. They contain a main clock, which controls the timing of the entire chips. There are problems, however, involved with these clocked designs that are common today.One problem is speed. A chip can only work as fast as its slowest component. Therefore, if one part of the chip is especially slow, the other parts of the chip are forced to sit idle. This wasted computed time is obviously detrimental to the speed of the chip.

New problems with speeding up a clocked chip are just around the corn ....etc

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Electronics without silicon is unbelievable, but it will come true with the evolution of Diamond or Carbon chip. Now a day we are using silicon for the manufacturing of Electronic Chip's. It has many disadvantages when it is used in power electronic applications, such as bulk in size, slow operating speed etc. Carbon, Silicon and Germanium are belonging to the same group in the periodic table. They have four valance electrons in their outer shell. Pure Silicon and Germanium are semiconductors in normal temperature. So in the earlier days they a ....etc

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Breaking the bounds of the clock on a processor may seem a daunting task to those brought up through a typical engineering program. Without the clock, how do you organize the chip and know when you have the correct data or instruction? We may have to take this task on very soon.
Clock speeds are now on the gigahertz range and there is not much room for speedup before physical realities start to complicate things. With a gigahertz powering a chip, signals barely have enough time to make it across the chip before the next clo ....etc

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Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)

The Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) is the most widely used serial data communication circuit ever. UARTs allow full duplex communication over serial communication links as RS232. UARTs are available as inexpensive standard products from many semiconductor suppliers, making it unlikely that this specific design is useful by itself.

The basic functions of a UART are a microprocessor interface, double buffering of transmitter d ....etc

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Hello there i really need to know all the thing about clockless chips. It doesnt use clock right? So what does it use insted of clock? Give me all details ane links realted to it. I hope i will get help from u. Thank you ....etc

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