Definition

LRR- LINE REFLECT REFLECT is a new self-calibration procedure for the calibration of vector network analyzers (VNA). VNA measure the complex transmission and reflection characteristics of microwave devices. The analyzers have to be calibrated in order to eliminate systematic errors from the measurement results.

The LRR calibration circuits consist of partly unknown standards, where L symbolizes a line element and R represents a symmetrical reflection standard. The calibration circuits are all of equal mechanical length. The obs ....etc

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Introduction

Fuzzy control is a practical alternative for a variety of challenging control applications since it provides a convenient method for constructing non-linear controllers via the use of heuristic information. Since heuristic information may come from an operator who has acted as a human in the loop controller for a process. In the fuzzy control design methodology, a set of rules on how to control the process is written down and then it is incorporated into a fuzzy controller that emulates the decision making process of the huma ....etc

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Introduction
Fuzzy control is a practical alternative for a variety of challenging control applications since it provides a convenient method for constructing non-linear controllers via the use of heuristic information. Since heuristic information may come from an operator who has acted as a human in the loop controller for a process. In the fuzzy control design methodology, a set of rules on how to control the process is written down and then it is incorporated into a fuzzy controller that emulates the decision making process of the human. ....etc

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An image defined in the real world is considered to be a function of two real variables say x,y.
Before going to processing an image, it is converted into a digital form. Digitization includes sampling of image and quantization of sampled values.
After converting the image into bit information, processing is performed.
This processing technique may be,
Image enhancement
Image reconstruction
Image compression
Image enhancement refers to accentuation, or sharpening, of image features such as boundaries.
Image restoration is con ....etc

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The memory hierarchy of high performance and embedded processors has been shown to be one of the major energy consumers. Extrapolating the current trends, this portion is likely to be increased in the near future. In this paper, a technique is proposed which uses an additional mini cache, called the L0-cache, located between the I-cache and the CPU core. This mechanism can provide the instruction stream to the data path, and when managed properly, it can efficiently eliminate the need for high utilization of the more expensive I-cache.
Cache m ....etc

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A technique for on-line detection of incipient faults in the windings of turbine - generator rotors has been developed based on the twin signal sensing method. To detect the developing shorts in any winding, two identical pulses are applied to both ends f the winding and are reflected back .Any abnormality in the winding results in the applied signals being reflected through nonsymmetrical circuits. The difference between the reflected signals are amplified and used as signature signal for further processing. This paper describes the developmen ....etc

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The memory hierarchy of high performance and embedded processors has been shown to be one of the major energy consumers. Extrapolating the current trends, this portion is likely to be increased in the near future. In this paper, a technique is proposed which uses an additional mini cache, called the L0-cache, located between the I-cache and the CPU core. This mechanism can provide the instruction stream to the data path, and when managed properly, it can efficiently eliminate the need for high utilization of the more expensive I-cache.
Cache m ....etc

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PH Control Technique using Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy control is a practical alternative for a variety of challenging control applications since it provides a convenient method for constructing non-linear controllers via the use of heuristic information. Since heuristic information may come from an operator who has acted as a human in the loop controller for a process. In the fuzzy control design methodology, a set of rules on how to control the process is written down and then it is incorporated into a f ....etc

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A voice browser is a device which interprets a (voice) markup language and is capable of generating voice output and/or interpreting voice input, and possibly other input/output modalities. The definition of a voice browser, above, is a broad one. The fact that the system deals with speech is obvious given the first word of the name, but what makes a software system that interacts with the user via speech a browser? The information that the system uses (for either domain data or dialog flow) is dynamic and comes somewhere from the Internet. ....etc

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Abstract

The project had two phases. The first phase consisted of design and implementation of an encoder for vehicle destruction commands, using the technique of convolutional encoding. The second phase was a detailed study of turbo coding , the recent addition to vast arena of coding techniques.

The system being developed was a uniform combination of hardware, software and coding theory . The basic principle utilizes one of the important coding technique - the convolutional coding. It is implemented in FPGA, which stands for Field Progr ....etc

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