Electronics without silicon is unbelievable, but it will come true with the evolution of Diamond or Carbon chip. Now a day we are using silicon for the manufacturing of Electronic Chip's. It has many disadvantages when it is used in power electronic applications, such as bulk in size, slow operating speed etc. Carbon, Silicon and Germanium are belonging to the same group in the periodic table. They have four valance electrons in their outer shell. Pure Silicon and Germanium are semiconductors in normal temperature. So in the earlier days they a ....etc

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Power frequency magnetic fields as high as 15,000,000 milligauss are commonly found internally in equipment such as power transformers, motors and generators .Although these fields are almost contained within the equipment ,some leakage will occur. This paper concentrates on magnetic fields in the range of zero to several hundred milligauss. This level of magnetic field may be experienced by the general public as a result of operation of electrical equipment, current carrying lines, house wiring, electrical appliances, lighting equipment or an ....etc

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ABSTRACT
Transmission lines are considered one of the major sources of magnetic field. In recent years great public concern has arisen because of reports on adverse health effects due to Magnetic fields. The rapid increase of electric energy utilization and ascending geographical growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region led to the reality that utilities need to upgrade and develop existing and new transmission and distribution lines which resulted in the transmission lines to become inside the urban areas. This project is directed ....etc

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A technique for on-line detection of incipient faults in the windings of turbine - generator rotors has been developed based on the twin signal sensing method. To detect the developing shorts in any winding, two identical pulses are applied to both ends f the winding and are reflected back .Any abnormality in the winding results in the applied signals being reflected through nonsymmetrical circuits. The difference between the reflected signals are amplified and used as signature signal for further processing. This paper describes the developmen ....etc

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In the development of packaging of electronics the aim is to lower cost, increase the packaging density, and improve the performance while still maintaining or even improving the reliability of the circuits. Flip chip microelectronic assembly is the direct electrical connection of face-down electronic components onto substrates, circuit boards, or carriers, by means of conductive bumps on the chip bond pads since the chip is directly attached to the substrate, board, or carrier by the conductive bumps. Flip chip has advantage in size, performan ....etc

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Power Frequency Magnetic Fields

Introduction
Power frequency magnetic fields as high as 15,000,000 milligauss are commonly found internally in equipment such as power transformers, motors and generators .Although these fields are almost contained within the equipment ,some leakage will occur. This paper concentrates on magnetic fields in the range of zero to several hundred milligauss.

This level of magnetic field may be experienced by the general public as a result of operation of electrical equipment, current carrying lines, house wir ....etc

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....etc

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Study of interaction of pacemaker electrode with high frequency RF fields
The influence of radio-frequency fields on pacemaker operation has been studied by many. The need to know about influence of cellular phones on the device operation is the driving force behind these studies. This is serious concerning the safety of the patients. a wide band behavior of pacemaker lead is described in this article to identify and isolate the dangerous frequency bands in the spectrum. Medical and engineering sciences use completely different method ....etc

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