ABSTRACT
Now a day’s everything is depending up on the power. So give the reliable supply to the consumers. In distribution systems one of the major parts is SUBSTATIONS.
An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity, Generation, Transmission and distribution systems where the voltage is transformed from high to low or reverse using the transformers .Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer and may be changed in different voltage levels .t ....etc

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The low or high resistivity soil layer formed in raining or freezing season affects the safety of grounding system, and leads the changes of grounding resistance of the grounding system, step and touch voltages on the ground surface.

This paper systematically discusses the seasonal influence on the safety of grounding system and the different methods to be adopted inorder to nullify the effect of seasonal changes.
Inorder to nullify the effect of the seasonal changes we can use long vertical grounding electrodes or by using chemically cha ....etc

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I need single line diagram of 132kv substation
I need single line diagram of 132kv substation
I need single line diagram off 132kv substation ....etc

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please snd training report i n 220 kV substation ....etc

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Pleace i need a writen Analysis on 132kv power transmission line. My email is [email protected] ....etc

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Introduction

With the development of modern power system to the direction of extra-high voltage, large capacity, far distance transmission and application of advanced technologies the demand on the safety, stability and economic operation of power system became higher. A good grounding system is the fundamental insurance to keep the safe operation of the power system. The good grounding system should ensure the following:

To provide safety to personnel during normal and fault conditions by limiting step and touch potential.
To assur ....etc

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1. Definition of sub -station:-
The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics (e.g. Voltage ac to dc freq. p.f. etc) of electric supply is called sub-station.
2. Introduction: -
The present day electrical power system is a.c. i.e. electric power is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of Alternating current. The electric power is produce at the power station, which are located at favorable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumer
throu ....etc

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The following is a selected list of recent papers related to the substation automation:



Papers In Journals

1. M. Kezunovic, Z. Ren, G. Latisko, D.R. Sevcik, J. Lucey, W. Cook, E. Koch, ?Automated Monitoring and Analysis of Circuit Breaker Operation,? IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp 1910-1918, July 2005
2. M. Kezunovic, T. Popovic, ?Developing Future Substation Automation Strategies: Selecting Apprpriate IEDs and Developing New Applications,? International Energy Journal, Special Issue: Cogeneration, Di ....etc

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