Procedure:-
1. Enter the sequence x
2. Enter the sequence y
3. Find the lengths of x and y,ie;Nx and Ny respectively
4. Check Nx=Ny:proceed if equal
5. Initialize a loop variable number of output points
6. For each out sample , access the samples of y in the cyclic order
7. Find the sum of products of x and cyclically folded and shifted y
Description:-
Steps for Cyclic Convolution
Steps for cyclic convolution are the same as the usual convolution, except all index calculations are done mod N = on..............etc

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I need code for circular convolution in verilog..............etc

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Procedure:-
1) Find the length of the first sequence x=x_length
2) Find the length of the second sequence h=h_length
3) Estimate the number of samples in the result of linear convolution of x &h=Y_length
4) If X_length 5) If h_length 6) Take DFT for modified x=x(k)
7) Take DFT for modified h=H(k)
8)..............etc

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circular convolution of different length sequences..............etc

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2-D DFT of two dimensional finite extent sequences.

2-D DFT and Convolution
The DFT can be computed with a fast algorithm and it is sometimes beneficial to do the convolution of two sequences A (M1 £ N1) and B (M2 £ N2) via point DFTs. Speed improvements are only possible if both sequences have large dimensions. Otherwise convolutions are better implemented via the convolution sum.

2-D Low-Pass Filtering of Images We will be intere..............etc

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Circular convolution using vedic methode..............etc

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#include
#include
int m,n,x,h,y,i,j,temp,k,x2,a;
void main()
{
printf( enter the length of the first sequence\n);
scanf(%d,&m);
printf( enter the length of the second sequence\n);
scanf(%d,&n);
printf( enter the first sequence\n);
for(i=0;i scanf(%d,&x);
printf( enter the second sequence\n);
for(j=0;j scanf(%d,&h);
if(m-n!=0) /*If length of both sequences are not equal*/
{
if(m>n) /* Pad the smalle..............etc

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Procedure:-
1) Enter the number of points, N
2) Enter the input sequence elements, x
3) Create a vector for the sample index, ’n’
4) Initialize loop variable, ‘k’ for the DFT samples X(k)
5) Calculate the twiddle factor for each ‘k’
6) Multiply x and the twiddle factors , elements-by-element
7) Sum all the products, assign to X(k)
8) Plot the magnitude and phase spectrum
9) Verify the results with built in function
MATLAB program for DFT
clear
clc
close all
% ENTER THE NUMBER OF POINTS
N = ..............etc

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Procedure:-
1) Find the length of the first sequence x=x_length
2) Find the length of the first sequence h=h_length
3) Take the circular convolution order as N
4) If x_length < N, pad enough number of zeros to x, so that the number of samples in the modified x=N
5) If h_length < N ,pad enough number of zeros to h, so that the number of samples in the modified h=N
6) Take DFT for modified x=x(k)
7) Take DFT for modified h=H(k)
8) Compute Y(K)=X(K)*H(K)
9) Compute y(n)=IDFT(Y(k))
10) Verify if y=conv(x,..............etc

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Abstract
Information hiding for covert communication is rapidlygaining momentum. With sophisticated techniques beingdeveloped in steganography, steganalysis needs to beuniversal. In this paper we propose Universal Steganalysisusing Histogram, Discrete Fourier Transform and SVM(SHDFT). The stego image has irregular statisticalcharacteristics as compare to cover image. Using Histogramand DFT, the statistical features are generated to train One-Class SVM to discriminate the cover and stego image.SHDFT algorithm is found to be efficient an..............etc

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