eye gaze human computer interface

[shabeer]

eye gaze human computer interface
Abstract:
People with physical disabilities can do many things with their eyes that they would otherwise do with their hands. Simply by looking at control keys displayed on a computer monitor screen, the user can perform a broad variety of functions including speech synthesis, environmental control, sending emails, browsing the Internet, playing games, typing, and controlling most PC and MAC computers This seminar discuss the application of eye movements to user interfaces”both for analyzing interfaces, measuring usability, and gaining insight into human performance”and as an actual control medium within a human-computer dialogue. the eye movements do not affect the interface in real time. As a direct control medium, the eye movements are obtained and used in real time as an input to the user-computer dialogue. They might be the sole input, typically for disabled users or hands-busy applications, or they might be used as one of several inputs, combining with mouse, keyboard, sensors, or other devices. Interestingly, the principal challenges for both retrospective and real time eye tracking in human- computer interaction (HCI) turn out to be analogous. For retrospective analysis, For real time use, the problem is to find appropriate ways to respond judiciously to eye movement input, and avoid over-responding; it is not nearly as straightforward as responding to well-defined, intentional mouse or keyboard input. uses of eye tracking in HCI have been highly promising for many years, initial methods for tracking the location of eye fixations were quite invasive “ involving direct mechanical contact with the cornea. Dodge and Cline (1901) developed the first precise, non-invasive eye tracking technique, using light reflected from the cornea. Their system recorded only horizontal eye position onto a falling photographic plate and required the participant™s head to be motionless. After this, Judd, McAllister & Steel (1905) applied motion picture photography to record the temporal aspects of eye movements in two dimensions. Their technique recorded the movement of a small white speck of material inserted into the participants™ eyes rather than light reflected directly from the cornea.