29-08-2011, 04:56 PM
[attachment=15553]
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA represents the genetic blueprint of
living creatures
DNA contains “instructions” for assembling cells
Every cell in human body has a complete set
of DNA
DNA is unique for each individual
Composed of four nucleotides (+ sugar-phosphate backbone)
– A – Adenine
– T –Thymine
– C – Cytosine
– G – Guanine
Bond in pairs
– A – T
– C – G
Moore’s Law states that silicon microprocessors double in complexity roughly every two years.
One day this will no longer hold true when miniaturisation limits are reached. Intel scientists say it will happen in about the year 2018.
Require a successor to silicon.
With bases spaced at 0.35 nm along DNA, data density is over a million Gbits/inch compared to 7 Gbits/inch in typical high performance HDD.
Check this out………..
A test tube of DNA can contain trillions of strands. Each operation on a test tube of DNA is carried out on all strands in the tube in parallel !
Check this out……. We Typically use
DNA itself does not carry out any computation. It rather acts as a massive memory.
But, the way complementary bases react with each other can be used to compute things.
Proposed by Adelman in 1994
Began in 1994 when Dr. Leonard Adleman wrote the paper “Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems”.
He then carried out this experiment successfully , although it took him days to do so!
DNA computers moved from test tubes onto gold plates.
First practical DNA computer unveiled in 2002. Used in gene analysis.
Self-powered DNA computer unveiled in 2003.
First programmable autonomous computing machine in which the input, output, software and hardware were all made of DNA molecules.
Can perform a billion operations per second with 99.8% accuracy
Biological computer developed that could be used to fight cancers.
‘Designer DNA’ identifies abnormal and is attracted to it.
The Designer molecule then releases chemicals to inhibit its growth or even kill the malignant cells.
Successfully tested on animals.
There is always a plentiful supply of it.
Since there is a plentiful supply, it is a cheap resource.
DNA biochips can be made cleanly, unlike the toxic materials used to make traditional microprocessors.
DNA computers can be made many times smaller than today's computers.
DNA computers are massively parallel in their computation.
Excellent for NP problems such as the Travelling Salesman problem.
Solutions that would otherwise take months to compute could be found in hours.
DNA computing involves a relatively large amount of error.
Requires human assistance.
Time consuming laboratory procedures.
No universal method of data representation.
DNA chips
Genetic programming
Medical diagnosis , drug discovery
Massive parallel problem solving
Cracking of coded messages
DNA computers showing enormous potential, especially for medical purposes as well as data processing applications.
Many issues to be overcome to produce a useful DNA computer.
Still a lot of work and resources required to develop it into a fully fledged product.
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA represents the genetic blueprint of
living creatures
DNA contains “instructions” for assembling cells
Every cell in human body has a complete set
of DNA
DNA is unique for each individual
Composed of four nucleotides (+ sugar-phosphate backbone)
– A – Adenine
– T –Thymine
– C – Cytosine
– G – Guanine
Bond in pairs
– A – T
– C – G
Moore’s Law states that silicon microprocessors double in complexity roughly every two years.
One day this will no longer hold true when miniaturisation limits are reached. Intel scientists say it will happen in about the year 2018.
Require a successor to silicon.
With bases spaced at 0.35 nm along DNA, data density is over a million Gbits/inch compared to 7 Gbits/inch in typical high performance HDD.
Check this out………..
A test tube of DNA can contain trillions of strands. Each operation on a test tube of DNA is carried out on all strands in the tube in parallel !
Check this out……. We Typically use
DNA itself does not carry out any computation. It rather acts as a massive memory.
But, the way complementary bases react with each other can be used to compute things.
Proposed by Adelman in 1994
Began in 1994 when Dr. Leonard Adleman wrote the paper “Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems”.
He then carried out this experiment successfully , although it took him days to do so!
DNA computers moved from test tubes onto gold plates.
First practical DNA computer unveiled in 2002. Used in gene analysis.
Self-powered DNA computer unveiled in 2003.
First programmable autonomous computing machine in which the input, output, software and hardware were all made of DNA molecules.
Can perform a billion operations per second with 99.8% accuracy
Biological computer developed that could be used to fight cancers.
‘Designer DNA’ identifies abnormal and is attracted to it.
The Designer molecule then releases chemicals to inhibit its growth or even kill the malignant cells.
Successfully tested on animals.
There is always a plentiful supply of it.
Since there is a plentiful supply, it is a cheap resource.
DNA biochips can be made cleanly, unlike the toxic materials used to make traditional microprocessors.
DNA computers can be made many times smaller than today's computers.
DNA computers are massively parallel in their computation.
Excellent for NP problems such as the Travelling Salesman problem.
Solutions that would otherwise take months to compute could be found in hours.
DNA computing involves a relatively large amount of error.
Requires human assistance.
Time consuming laboratory procedures.
No universal method of data representation.
DNA chips
Genetic programming
Medical diagnosis , drug discovery
Massive parallel problem solving
Cracking of coded messages
DNA computers showing enormous potential, especially for medical purposes as well as data processing applications.
Many issues to be overcome to produce a useful DNA computer.
Still a lot of work and resources required to develop it into a fully fledged product.
