27-07-2011, 10:09 AM
[attachment=14778]
1. Introduction (1)
What is Android?
A software platform and operating system for mobile devices
Based on the Linux kernel
Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Allows writing managed code in the Java language
Possibility to write applications in other languages and compiling it to ARM native code (support of Google? No)
Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA
1. Introduction (2)
What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)? (1)
It’s a consortium of several companies.
Google formed a group of hardware, software and telecommunication companies called the Open Handset Alliance with the goal of contributing to the Android development.
Most members also have the goal of making money from Android, either by selling phones, phone service, or mobile applications.
Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices and services
OHA
1. Introduction (4)
License
Android is under version 2 of the Apache Software License (ASL)
2. Slice of history
Android Inc. founded in 2003
Android Inc. acquired by Google in 2005 with
establishing OHA.
Announced Android in 2007 and released source code
Reached version 3.0 releasing Honeycomb .
Slice of history
3. Platform (1)
2.1 Hardware
Android is not a single piece of hardware; it's a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is there, from the bootloader all the way up to the applications.
3. Platform (2)
2.2 Operating System(s)
Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory management, process management, and networking.
The next level up contains the Android native libraries. They are all written in C/C++ internally, but you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces. In this layer you can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database (SQLite), and a native web browser engine (WebKit).
Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik runs dex files, which are coverted at compile time from standard class and jar files.
Linux Kernel
It is a layer that talks directly to hardware for the operating system.
It supplies all the drivers for the different types of components that may be on the
hardware.
These drivers include: display, camera, keypad, Wi-Fi, flash memory, audio,
binder(ipc) and power management drivers.
It is based off the Linux version 2.6 core systems.
3. Platform (3)
2.3 Network Connectivity
It supports wireless communications using:
GSM mobile-phone technology
3G
Edge
802.11 Wi-Fi networks
3. Platform (4)
2.4 Security
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned to applications.
Additional finer-grained security features are provided through a "permission" mechanism that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular process can perform, and per-URI permissions for granting ad-hoc access to specific pieces of data.
3. Platform (5)
GOOGLE SERVICES
Because Google developed Android, it comes with a lot of Google services installed right out of the box.
Gmail, Google Calendar, and Google Web search are all pre-installed, and Google is also the default Web page for the Web browser .
3. Platform (6)
SDK and Android Market Place
Anyone can download the SDK (software
development kit) and write applications for
Android phones. Google doesn't take part of
the profits.
These apps can be downloaded from
the Android Market Place. If the app costs
money, you pay for it using Google Checkout.
3. Platform (7)
2.6 Future possibilities
Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012
The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the Android platform for every mobile operator, handset manufacturers and developers to build innovative devices
Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so they need to prepare for anything, including Android
Fujitsu launched an initiative to offer consulting and engineering expertise to help run Android on embedded hardware, which aside from cellphones, mobile internet devices, and portable media players, could include GPS devices, thin-client computers and set-top boxes.
More Android devices are coming and some will push the envelope even further.
4. Software development (1)
3.1 Development requirements
Java
Android SDK
Eclipse IDE (optional)
4. Software development (2)
3.3 Programming Language(s)
Java – officially supported
C/C++ – also possible but not supported
Phones Using Android
HTC
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
MOTOROLA
GOOGLE
NVIDIA ELECTRONICS
INTEL CORP
EBAY
SONY ERRICSON
Phones Using Android
5. Security & Permissions
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application
runs in its own process.
Most security at the process level through standard linux
facilities.
Additional securities through “permission” mechanism that
enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular
process can perform.
In android security architecture no application, by default, has
permission to perform any operations that would adversely
impact other applications, the OS, or the user.
This includes reading or writing the user’s private data,
reading or writing another application’s files, performing
network access.
Applications
All apps (native and 3rd party) are written using
the same APIs and run on the same run time
executable
All apps have APIs for hardware access,
location-based services, support for
background services, map-based activities, 2D
and 3D graphics.
App Widgets are miniature app views that can
be embedded in other apps like Home Screen
6. Overall evaluation (1)
4.1 Advantages
There are a host of advantages that Google’s Android will derive from being an open source software. Some of the advantages include:
The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform
The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android
Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before
Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized
As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will come up with such innovative products like the location
In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games
6. Overall evaluation (2)
4.2 Limitations
Bluetooth limitations
Android doesn't support:
Bluetooth stereo
Contacts exchange
Modem pairing
Wireless keyboards
But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets, but that's about it
Firefox Mobile isn't coming to Android
Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form of Java
→ Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that
6. Overall evaluation (3)
4.3 Conclusion
Android is a disruptive technology, which
has introduced initially on mobile
handsets, but has much wider potential.
Android is a big revolution in the field of operating system. Its custom virtual machine optimize memory and hardware resources in a mobile environment.; it can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge technologies as they emerge. The open source platform will continue to evolve as the developer community works together to build innovative mobile applications
1. Introduction (1)
What is Android?
A software platform and operating system for mobile devices
Based on the Linux kernel
Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Allows writing managed code in the Java language
Possibility to write applications in other languages and compiling it to ARM native code (support of Google? No)
Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA
1. Introduction (2)
What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)? (1)
It’s a consortium of several companies.
Google formed a group of hardware, software and telecommunication companies called the Open Handset Alliance with the goal of contributing to the Android development.
Most members also have the goal of making money from Android, either by selling phones, phone service, or mobile applications.
Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices and services
OHA
1. Introduction (4)
License
Android is under version 2 of the Apache Software License (ASL)
2. Slice of history
Android Inc. founded in 2003
Android Inc. acquired by Google in 2005 with
establishing OHA.
Announced Android in 2007 and released source code
Reached version 3.0 releasing Honeycomb .
Slice of history
3. Platform (1)
2.1 Hardware
Android is not a single piece of hardware; it's a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is there, from the bootloader all the way up to the applications.
3. Platform (2)
2.2 Operating System(s)
Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory management, process management, and networking.
The next level up contains the Android native libraries. They are all written in C/C++ internally, but you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces. In this layer you can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database (SQLite), and a native web browser engine (WebKit).
Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik runs dex files, which are coverted at compile time from standard class and jar files.
Linux Kernel
It is a layer that talks directly to hardware for the operating system.
It supplies all the drivers for the different types of components that may be on the
hardware.
These drivers include: display, camera, keypad, Wi-Fi, flash memory, audio,
binder(ipc) and power management drivers.
It is based off the Linux version 2.6 core systems.
3. Platform (3)
2.3 Network Connectivity
It supports wireless communications using:
GSM mobile-phone technology
3G
Edge
802.11 Wi-Fi networks
3. Platform (4)
2.4 Security
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned to applications.
Additional finer-grained security features are provided through a "permission" mechanism that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular process can perform, and per-URI permissions for granting ad-hoc access to specific pieces of data.
3. Platform (5)
GOOGLE SERVICES
Because Google developed Android, it comes with a lot of Google services installed right out of the box.
Gmail, Google Calendar, and Google Web search are all pre-installed, and Google is also the default Web page for the Web browser .
3. Platform (6)
SDK and Android Market Place
Anyone can download the SDK (software
development kit) and write applications for
Android phones. Google doesn't take part of
the profits.
These apps can be downloaded from
the Android Market Place. If the app costs
money, you pay for it using Google Checkout.
3. Platform (7)
2.6 Future possibilities
Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012
The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the Android platform for every mobile operator, handset manufacturers and developers to build innovative devices
Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so they need to prepare for anything, including Android
Fujitsu launched an initiative to offer consulting and engineering expertise to help run Android on embedded hardware, which aside from cellphones, mobile internet devices, and portable media players, could include GPS devices, thin-client computers and set-top boxes.
More Android devices are coming and some will push the envelope even further.
4. Software development (1)
3.1 Development requirements
Java
Android SDK
Eclipse IDE (optional)
4. Software development (2)
3.3 Programming Language(s)
Java – officially supported
C/C++ – also possible but not supported
Phones Using Android
HTC
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
MOTOROLA
NVIDIA ELECTRONICS
INTEL CORP
EBAY
SONY ERRICSON
Phones Using Android
5. Security & Permissions
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application
runs in its own process.
Most security at the process level through standard linux
facilities.
Additional securities through “permission” mechanism that
enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular
process can perform.
In android security architecture no application, by default, has
permission to perform any operations that would adversely
impact other applications, the OS, or the user.
This includes reading or writing the user’s private data,
reading or writing another application’s files, performing
network access.
Applications
All apps (native and 3rd party) are written using
the same APIs and run on the same run time
executable
All apps have APIs for hardware access,
location-based services, support for
background services, map-based activities, 2D
and 3D graphics.
App Widgets are miniature app views that can
be embedded in other apps like Home Screen
6. Overall evaluation (1)
4.1 Advantages
There are a host of advantages that Google’s Android will derive from being an open source software. Some of the advantages include:
The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform
The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android
Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before
Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized
As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will come up with such innovative products like the location
In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games
6. Overall evaluation (2)
4.2 Limitations
Bluetooth limitations
Android doesn't support:
Bluetooth stereo
Contacts exchange
Modem pairing
Wireless keyboards
But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets, but that's about it
Firefox Mobile isn't coming to Android
Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form of Java
→ Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that
6. Overall evaluation (3)
4.3 Conclusion
Android is a disruptive technology, which
has introduced initially on mobile
handsets, but has much wider potential.
Android is a big revolution in the field of operating system. Its custom virtual machine optimize memory and hardware resources in a mobile environment.; it can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting edge technologies as they emerge. The open source platform will continue to evolve as the developer community works together to build innovative mobile applications
