07-05-2011, 02:44 PM
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Lie Detector Circuit Description:
The circuit diagram of the Lie Detector is shown above. It consists of three transistors (TR1 to TR3), a capacitor (C1), two lights or LEDs (L1 & L2), five resistors (R1 to R5), and a variable resistor (VR1). Suitable transistors to use are BC547, BC548 or BC549, or any other small NPN transistor.
The Lie Detector circuit works based on the fact that a person's skin resistance changes when they sweat (sweating because they're lying). Dry skin has a resistance of about 1 million ohms, whereas the resistance of moist skin is reduced by a factor of ten or more.
Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider. They have resistances of 1 000 000 ohms (1 mega ohms) and, because their values are equal, the voltage at the upper probe wire is half the battery voltage (about 4.5 volts).
A person holding the Lie Detector probe wires will change the voltage at the upper probe wire depending on their skin resistance. The skin resistance is in parallel with R2 and, because it is likely to be similar to or smaller than R2, the voltage at the probe wire will fall as skin resistance falls.
Capacitor C1 functions as a smoothing capacitor and removes the 60Hz induced mains hum that is found on a person's body.
TR1 and R3 form a buffer circuit (called an emitter-follower). The voltage at the emitter of TR1 follows the voltage at the probe wire and is now able to drive transistor TR2.
Transistors TR1 and TR2 act as a voltage comparator. If the voltage at the base of TR2 is higher than at the base of TR3 then the green LED (L1) will come on. If the reverse is true then the red LED (L2) will light.
To test the Lie Detector hold the probe wires. Adjust VR1 until the green LED is just on and the red LED is just off. This is the point at which the voltage at the base of TR2 is just greater than at the base of TR3. Now use moist fingers to hold the probes. This lowers the skin resistance and causes the voltage at the base of TR2 to fall. The voltage at the base of TR3 is now greater and the red LED comes on.
How to Use the Lie Detector
The Lie Detector needs tuning before it can be used, and it needs tuning for every person that uses it as everyone has slightly different skin.
Touch the two probe wires against the palm of your (dry) hand, such that the metal ends are a couple of centimeters apart (the metal ends must not touch each other). Adjust the tuning control (VR1) until the red light (FALSE) just goes out. The Lie Detector is now tuned for your skin. If you lick your palm and touch the wires against it again, the red light should come on brightly.
You should now understand how to use the Lie Detector to detect a real lie. Touch the two probe wires against the palm of the subject's hand and adjust the tuning control as before until the red light just goes out. When the subject tells a lie, and begins to sweat, the red light will get brighter.
It must be emphasized that the Lie Detector won't detect every lie, as it is really only a sweat detector. It only detects lies that have consequences to being told, lies that cause the subject to sweat (with fear). Pretend or 'joke' lies won't have any effect.
The Lie Detector has a number of other uses, detailed below, and it could perhaps more accurately be described as an 'Experiment Machine'.
• Use lie detector to test the conductivity of the human body. Get a group of people to hold hands in a circle with the two probes of the Lie Detector as part of the circle. See how many bodies the current will flow through to make the red LED light.
• Testing the conductivity of objects. For example, metals, plastics, wood, hair, the lead of a pencil. If a material is conductive then touching the lie detector probe wires against it will make the red LED light.
• Determining whether a houseplant needs watering. Touch the lie detector probe wires against the soil. If the green LED stays on, the plant needs watering. If the red LED comes on, the soil is sufficiently moist.
• Determining whether a cake is cooked. Press the lie detector probe wires into the surface of the cake. If the red LED comes on then the cake is still moist and needs further cooking
Lie Detector Electronic Kit Specifications
• Lie Detector PCB dimensions 2" x 2" (5.08cm x 5.08cm)
• Power supply 9V battery (not included)
• Lie Detector electronic kit assembly is required
• Lie Detector kit is a great educational gift
Lie Detector Circuit Description:
The circuit diagram of the Lie Detector is shown above. It consists of three transistors (TR1 to TR3), a capacitor (C1), two lights or LEDs (L1 & L2), five resistors (R1 to R5), and a variable resistor (VR1). Suitable transistors to use are BC547, BC548 or BC549, or any other small NPN transistor.
The Lie Detector circuit works based on the fact that a person's skin resistance changes when they sweat (sweating because they're lying). Dry skin has a resistance of about 1 million ohms, whereas the resistance of moist skin is reduced by a factor of ten or more.
Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider. They have resistances of 1 000 000 ohms (1 mega ohms) and, because their values are equal, the voltage at the upper probe wire is half the battery voltage (about 4.5 volts).
A person holding the Lie Detector probe wires will change the voltage at the upper probe wire depending on their skin resistance. The skin resistance is in parallel with R2 and, because it is likely to be similar to or smaller than R2, the voltage at the probe wire will fall as skin resistance falls.
Capacitor C1 functions as a smoothing capacitor and removes the 60Hz induced mains hum that is found on a person's body.
TR1 and R3 form a buffer circuit (called an emitter-follower). The voltage at the emitter of TR1 follows the voltage at the probe wire and is now able to drive transistor TR2.
Transistors TR1 and TR2 act as a voltage comparator. If the voltage at the base of TR2 is higher than at the base of TR3 then the green LED (L1) will come on. If the reverse is true then the red LED (L2) will light.
To test the Lie Detector hold the probe wires. Adjust VR1 until the green LED is just on and the red LED is just off. This is the point at which the voltage at the base of TR2 is just greater than at the base of TR3. Now use moist fingers to hold the probes. This lowers the skin resistance and causes the voltage at the base of TR2 to fall. The voltage at the base of TR3 is now greater and the red LED comes on.
How to Use the Lie Detector
The Lie Detector needs tuning before it can be used, and it needs tuning for every person that uses it as everyone has slightly different skin.
Touch the two probe wires against the palm of your (dry) hand, such that the metal ends are a couple of centimeters apart (the metal ends must not touch each other). Adjust the tuning control (VR1) until the red light (FALSE) just goes out. The Lie Detector is now tuned for your skin. If you lick your palm and touch the wires against it again, the red light should come on brightly.
You should now understand how to use the Lie Detector to detect a real lie. Touch the two probe wires against the palm of the subject's hand and adjust the tuning control as before until the red light just goes out. When the subject tells a lie, and begins to sweat, the red light will get brighter.
It must be emphasized that the Lie Detector won't detect every lie, as it is really only a sweat detector. It only detects lies that have consequences to being told, lies that cause the subject to sweat (with fear). Pretend or 'joke' lies won't have any effect.
The Lie Detector has a number of other uses, detailed below, and it could perhaps more accurately be described as an 'Experiment Machine'.
• Use lie detector to test the conductivity of the human body. Get a group of people to hold hands in a circle with the two probes of the Lie Detector as part of the circle. See how many bodies the current will flow through to make the red LED light.
• Testing the conductivity of objects. For example, metals, plastics, wood, hair, the lead of a pencil. If a material is conductive then touching the lie detector probe wires against it will make the red LED light.
• Determining whether a houseplant needs watering. Touch the lie detector probe wires against the soil. If the green LED stays on, the plant needs watering. If the red LED comes on, the soil is sufficiently moist.
• Determining whether a cake is cooked. Press the lie detector probe wires into the surface of the cake. If the red LED comes on then the cake is still moist and needs further cooking
Lie Detector Electronic Kit Specifications
• Lie Detector PCB dimensions 2" x 2" (5.08cm x 5.08cm)
• Power supply 9V battery (not included)
• Lie Detector electronic kit assembly is required
• Lie Detector kit is a great educational gift
