26-04-2011, 04:57 PM
[attachment=12883]
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUTION
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile Internet access. The current WiMAX revision provides up to 40 Mbit/s with the IEEE 802.16m update expected to offer up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds. The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX [3] as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL (Digital Subcarrier Line)".
The IEEE wireless standard has a range of up to 30 miles, and can deliver broadband at around 75 megabits per second. This is theoretically, 20 times faster than a commercially available wireless broadband.
Fig1.1 Wimax Architecture [9]
It is a broadband FWA(Fixed Wireless Access)system with the goal of delivering ”last mile” fixed, nomadic, portable and mobile wireless connections on a metropolitan scale. It has been designed for point to multipoint operation, between one base station (BS) and several subscriber stations (SS). It provides specifications for both fixed Line of sight (LOS) communication in the range of 10-66 GHz (IEEE 802.16c), and fixed, portable, non-LOS communication in the range of 2-11 GHz (IEEE 802.16a & IEEE 802.16d), non-LOS communication in the range of 2-6 GHz (IEEE 802.16e). WI -MAX is not truly new; rather, it is unique because it was a bottom-up design to deliver maximum throughput to maximum distance while offering 99.999 percent reliability. The IEEE 802.16 standard specifies the Physical (PHY) Layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer for BWA (Broadband Wireless Association) within MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
1.1 USES OF WIMAX
• Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.
• Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL (Digital Subcarrier Line) for "last mile" broadband access.
• Providing data and telecommunications services.
• Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan.
• Providing portable connectivity.
• Providing hassle free, reliable & hi-speed broadband access.
1.2 DIFFERENCE OF WI-IF & WI-MAX
Wifi(Wireless Fidelity) is used for developing wireless LAN( Local Area Network) to access high speed internet or access just a network for file sharing and software services. Whereas Wi-Max is quite latest technology and it can do far more than just developing wireless networks for high speed internet. It is also refer as Wireless broadband access, which can transfer not only data, but voice data, video data etc and at much higher rates.
Wi-Fi is capably for short range data transfer, which can be within hundred of meters range using non licensed spectrum to access network. Wi-Fi is mostly connected to network in certain area which may not be connected to internet; it can be used for file sharing only. Whereas Wi-Max is designed for long distance coverage and it covers distance in kilometers, it uses licensed spectrum and unlicensed also in some case. WiMax delivers point-to-point connection to the internet from service provide to as user. In WiMax there are multiple standards of 802.16 a, b etc, so they are used for different types of access from mobile connectivity to fixed location connections.
WiFi has introduced a quality of service similar to fixed Ethernet, where packets are priorities on their tags. This shows that quality of service (QoS) is relative to packet flow. Whereas WiMax uses technology based on setting up connection between end users’ device and base station. Special algorithm is scheduled for specific connection. This shows that Quality of Services (QoS) parameters can be guaranteed for each flow.
WiFi is deployed much more than WiMax because of its ease of installation and cost effectiveness. It is easily deployed within the building or room for providing internet access by third party internet service providers. Many public places, hotels, coffee shops have installed Wi-fi access points providing high speed internet to their customers.
CHAPTER 2
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGIES
2.1 WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) TECHNOLOGY (IEEE 802.11 Standards)
The name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance, the organization that owns the Wi-Fi (registered trademark) term specifically defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards." Wi-Fi is commonly called as wireless LAN, it is one of those networks in which high frequency radio waves are required for transmission of data from one place to another. Wi-Fi operates on several hundred feet between two places of data transmission. This technology only works on high frequency radio signals. Otherwise, it will not work properly. Nowadays this technology is used as office or home network and in many electronic devices. Wireless LAN or Wi-Fi is divided into three main parts on which its whole working depends and all of its applications also depend on these parts i.e. infrastructure mode, ad hoc network and mixed network.
2.2 ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY (IEEE 802.15.4 Standard)
A type of low cost, low power and wireless technology which is used for the different purposes at ultra low power is known as Zig bee technology. Low power radios on the basis of standard personal wireless networking are used by a protocol to enhance the technology. It offers excellent wireless control path network. It was not proposed or designed for the excellent or high speed data transfer rate applications. But it was designed for working on excellent long battery timings at low cost and also at ultra low power consumption. It is an ideal technology which operates at low power and low cost and used for wireless monitoring and control. Zig-Bee was developed for addressing the market demand for a standards based, cost-effective solution for wireless networking which supports low consumption of power low data rates, reliability and security. Zig-Bee is the only technology based on standards, which address the special needs of most of the remote monitoring and sensory and control network applications. If you want a solution for remote control and wireless monitoring, then Zig-Bee is the best answer to you.
2.3 BENEFITS OF WIMAX
• Long Range: The most significant benefit of WiMAX compared to existing wireless technologies is the range. WiMAX has a communication range of up to 30 miles. This can cover over 2800 square miles
• Low Cost: Base stations will cost under $20,000 but will still provide customers with T1-class connections
• Wireless: By using a WiMAX system, companies/ residents no longer have to rip up buildings or streets or lay down expensive cables.
• High Bandwidth: WiMAX can provide shared data rates of up to 70 Mb/s. This is enough bandwidth to support more than 60 businesses at once with T1-type connectivity. It can also support over a thousand homes at 1 Mb/s DSL-level connectivity. Also, there will be a reduction in latency for all WiMAX communications.
• Built-in Qos
• High performance
• Standards-based
• Smart antenna support
2.4 ADVANTAGES
• The single station of Wimax can operate and provide coverage for hundred of users at a time and manage sending and receiving of data at very high speed with full of network security.
• The High speed of connectivity over long distance and high speed voice makes it more demanded in hardly populated areas plus compacted areas.
• Wimax Technology perform a variety of task at a time such as offering high speed internet, providing telephone service, transformation of data, video streaming, voice application etc.
• Data rate as high as 280Mbps and distances of 30 miles are possible.
• No FCC radio licensing is required.
2.5 DISADVANTAGES
• Line of side (LOS) is required for long distance (5-30 mile) connections.
• Heavy rains can disrupt the service.
• The Wimax network has lack of quality service because there are hundreds of people trying to get access at the same tower so due to heavy traffic it is very hard to maintain high quality.
• Like other network Bandwidth is collective amongst clients in a specified zone. But if there are a lot of users in one area the speed decreases which may be 2 to 10 Mbps of shared bandwidth.
• The most disadvantage of Wimax is its installation and operational cost. Due to heavy structure, tower, antennas etc makes the Wimax network collectively high cost network.
• Wimax network is very heavy in structure therefore need much electrical support for running the overall network.
• The data rate of Wimax as compared to other network such as fiber optics, satellite, cables etc are very slow.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUTION
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile Internet access. The current WiMAX revision provides up to 40 Mbit/s with the IEEE 802.16m update expected to offer up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds. The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX [3] as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL (Digital Subcarrier Line)".
The IEEE wireless standard has a range of up to 30 miles, and can deliver broadband at around 75 megabits per second. This is theoretically, 20 times faster than a commercially available wireless broadband.
Fig1.1 Wimax Architecture [9]
It is a broadband FWA(Fixed Wireless Access)system with the goal of delivering ”last mile” fixed, nomadic, portable and mobile wireless connections on a metropolitan scale. It has been designed for point to multipoint operation, between one base station (BS) and several subscriber stations (SS). It provides specifications for both fixed Line of sight (LOS) communication in the range of 10-66 GHz (IEEE 802.16c), and fixed, portable, non-LOS communication in the range of 2-11 GHz (IEEE 802.16a & IEEE 802.16d), non-LOS communication in the range of 2-6 GHz (IEEE 802.16e). WI -MAX is not truly new; rather, it is unique because it was a bottom-up design to deliver maximum throughput to maximum distance while offering 99.999 percent reliability. The IEEE 802.16 standard specifies the Physical (PHY) Layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer for BWA (Broadband Wireless Association) within MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
1.1 USES OF WIMAX
• Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots to the Internet.
• Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL (Digital Subcarrier Line) for "last mile" broadband access.
• Providing data and telecommunications services.
• Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan.
• Providing portable connectivity.
• Providing hassle free, reliable & hi-speed broadband access.
1.2 DIFFERENCE OF WI-IF & WI-MAX
Wifi(Wireless Fidelity) is used for developing wireless LAN( Local Area Network) to access high speed internet or access just a network for file sharing and software services. Whereas Wi-Max is quite latest technology and it can do far more than just developing wireless networks for high speed internet. It is also refer as Wireless broadband access, which can transfer not only data, but voice data, video data etc and at much higher rates.
Wi-Fi is capably for short range data transfer, which can be within hundred of meters range using non licensed spectrum to access network. Wi-Fi is mostly connected to network in certain area which may not be connected to internet; it can be used for file sharing only. Whereas Wi-Max is designed for long distance coverage and it covers distance in kilometers, it uses licensed spectrum and unlicensed also in some case. WiMax delivers point-to-point connection to the internet from service provide to as user. In WiMax there are multiple standards of 802.16 a, b etc, so they are used for different types of access from mobile connectivity to fixed location connections.
WiFi has introduced a quality of service similar to fixed Ethernet, where packets are priorities on their tags. This shows that quality of service (QoS) is relative to packet flow. Whereas WiMax uses technology based on setting up connection between end users’ device and base station. Special algorithm is scheduled for specific connection. This shows that Quality of Services (QoS) parameters can be guaranteed for each flow.
WiFi is deployed much more than WiMax because of its ease of installation and cost effectiveness. It is easily deployed within the building or room for providing internet access by third party internet service providers. Many public places, hotels, coffee shops have installed Wi-fi access points providing high speed internet to their customers.
CHAPTER 2
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGIES
2.1 WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) TECHNOLOGY (IEEE 802.11 Standards)
The name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance, the organization that owns the Wi-Fi (registered trademark) term specifically defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards." Wi-Fi is commonly called as wireless LAN, it is one of those networks in which high frequency radio waves are required for transmission of data from one place to another. Wi-Fi operates on several hundred feet between two places of data transmission. This technology only works on high frequency radio signals. Otherwise, it will not work properly. Nowadays this technology is used as office or home network and in many electronic devices. Wireless LAN or Wi-Fi is divided into three main parts on which its whole working depends and all of its applications also depend on these parts i.e. infrastructure mode, ad hoc network and mixed network.
2.2 ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY (IEEE 802.15.4 Standard)
A type of low cost, low power and wireless technology which is used for the different purposes at ultra low power is known as Zig bee technology. Low power radios on the basis of standard personal wireless networking are used by a protocol to enhance the technology. It offers excellent wireless control path network. It was not proposed or designed for the excellent or high speed data transfer rate applications. But it was designed for working on excellent long battery timings at low cost and also at ultra low power consumption. It is an ideal technology which operates at low power and low cost and used for wireless monitoring and control. Zig-Bee was developed for addressing the market demand for a standards based, cost-effective solution for wireless networking which supports low consumption of power low data rates, reliability and security. Zig-Bee is the only technology based on standards, which address the special needs of most of the remote monitoring and sensory and control network applications. If you want a solution for remote control and wireless monitoring, then Zig-Bee is the best answer to you.
2.3 BENEFITS OF WIMAX
• Long Range: The most significant benefit of WiMAX compared to existing wireless technologies is the range. WiMAX has a communication range of up to 30 miles. This can cover over 2800 square miles
• Low Cost: Base stations will cost under $20,000 but will still provide customers with T1-class connections
• Wireless: By using a WiMAX system, companies/ residents no longer have to rip up buildings or streets or lay down expensive cables.
• High Bandwidth: WiMAX can provide shared data rates of up to 70 Mb/s. This is enough bandwidth to support more than 60 businesses at once with T1-type connectivity. It can also support over a thousand homes at 1 Mb/s DSL-level connectivity. Also, there will be a reduction in latency for all WiMAX communications.
• Built-in Qos
• High performance
• Standards-based
• Smart antenna support
2.4 ADVANTAGES
• The single station of Wimax can operate and provide coverage for hundred of users at a time and manage sending and receiving of data at very high speed with full of network security.
• The High speed of connectivity over long distance and high speed voice makes it more demanded in hardly populated areas plus compacted areas.
• Wimax Technology perform a variety of task at a time such as offering high speed internet, providing telephone service, transformation of data, video streaming, voice application etc.
• Data rate as high as 280Mbps and distances of 30 miles are possible.
• No FCC radio licensing is required.
2.5 DISADVANTAGES
• Line of side (LOS) is required for long distance (5-30 mile) connections.
• Heavy rains can disrupt the service.
• The Wimax network has lack of quality service because there are hundreds of people trying to get access at the same tower so due to heavy traffic it is very hard to maintain high quality.
• Like other network Bandwidth is collective amongst clients in a specified zone. But if there are a lot of users in one area the speed decreases which may be 2 to 10 Mbps of shared bandwidth.
• The most disadvantage of Wimax is its installation and operational cost. Due to heavy structure, tower, antennas etc makes the Wimax network collectively high cost network.
• Wimax network is very heavy in structure therefore need much electrical support for running the overall network.
• The data rate of Wimax as compared to other network such as fiber optics, satellite, cables etc are very slow.
