power generation using speed breaker

[seminar class]

[attachment=12789]
MECHANICAL PART
2.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome, it gets pressed downwards. As the springs are attached to the dome, they get compressed and the rack, which is attached to, the bottom of the dome moves down in reciprocating motion. Since rack has teeth connected to gear there is conversion of reciprocating motion of rack in to rotary motion of gears, but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. So that shafts will rotate with certain RPM these shafts are connected through a chain drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Now made to rotate a wheel in one direction by supplying power to shaft, while other made to rotate freely on the shaft, as the free wheel is inserted in the gears. We can insert a flywheel is mounted on the shaft when the main function is to avoid energy fluctuation.
LINE DIGRAM
2.2 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
The following theoretical data abstracted from the BANGALORE, where in which the system is still utilizing. The various machine elements in POWER GENERATION FROM SPEED BREAKERS are
1. Rack
2. Spur gear
3. Fly wheel
4. Bearings
5. Shaft
6. Springs
7. Electric dynamo
A dome is mounted on four springs, to bottom of this dome a rack is clamped. The rack has contact teeth on both the faces. It has connected to two gear wheels. To rotate the gear wheels only in one direction and making them free in other direction. We have inserted a free wheel in each gear. This free wheel and gear assembly is mounted centrally. The fly wheel is also mounted on the same shaft. The shaft is simply supported at both ends by providing ball bearings. Now a dynamo is connected to each shaft by chain drive. This total assembly is arranged in concrete pit.
1.2.1 RACK;
Material - Mild steel
Function - To change the translator motion in to rotary motion
Properties -Strength, Rigidity ,Resistance to shock loads ,Less wear and tear.
MANUFRACTURING PROCESS:
Required square rod is cut from the bar fit in the vice of milling machine id to cut on teeth according to dimensions of the drawing. Gears at infinite no. of. Teeth are called RACK. With the help of rack and pinion, we can convert reciprocating motion in to rotary motion and vice versa.
VELOCITY RATIO:
Linear motion (V1) = r1 
Length of handle = L
Pitch of teeth on pinion = p
No.of. teeth on pinion = N
VELOCITY RATIO :
V.R = Distance moved by the effort / Distance Moved by load.
=TP/2∏
DESIGN OF RACK:
No. of teeth = 14
Size of rack = 80 x 80 x 650mm
Module = 8
Addendum = 12.56
Dedendum = 12.56
Tooth load (Wt) = 7134.94N
Rack and pinion in mesh Line diagram:
D
Module M = ---------- = d = m x t = 8 x 20 = 160 mm
T

160
R = ------ = 80 mm
2
R a = r + addendum
= 80 + (0.89 x 8)
= 86.4 mm
Outer diameter of gear wheel = 2x Ra
O.D. = 172.8 mm
Let us assume
No. of teeth on rack t = 14
From the fig
Length of path of contact KL=OK2-OL2
= (PO+LH) 2-(OPCOS Ø) 2
=(80=6.4) 2-(80COS200) 2 LH=addendum
=42.586mm =0.8 x 8 =6.4mm
Length of arc of contact= Length of path of contact/ cos Ø
=42.586/cos 200
=45.319mm
Minimum no.of teeth contact= Length of arc of contact/circular pitch
=45.319/( *8)
=1.8 teeth
=2 teeth = one pair
Angle turned by the pinion & wheel. When one pair of teeth is in contact
Angle turned by the gear wheel

Length of are of contact x 360
= --------------------------------------------------
Circumference of gear

45.318 x 360
= ------------------------------
2 Ra

45.318 x 360
= ------------------------------ = 30.05
2x x 86.4

Length of rack
Circumference of gear = 2  R
= 2 xn x 80
= 502.654 mm

Length of rack = 502+148=650mm
1.2.2. SPUR GEAR:
In precision machines, in which a definite velocity ratio is of importance, the only positive drive is by gears or toothed wheels. A gear drive is also provided, when the distance between the driver and follower is very small.
CLASSIFICATION OF GEARS:
1. According to the position of axis of shaft.
a) Parallel b) Intersecting c) Non intersecting
2. According to peripheral velocity of gears.
a) Low velocity b) Medium velocity c) High velocity
3. According to type of gearing.
a) External gearing b) Internal gearing c) Rack and pinion
4. According to position of teeth
a) Straight b) Inclined c) Curved
TERMINOLOGY:
• PITCH CIRCLE - It is an imaginary circle, which by pure rolling action would give the same motion as the actual gear.
• PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER - it is the diameter of the pitch circle. The size of gear is specified by the pitch circle diameter.
• ADDENDUM: It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.
• DEDENDUM: It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.
• PRESSURE ANGLE: It is the angle between the common normal to two gears teeth at the point of contact and the common tangent at the pitch point the standard pressure angles are 14 &1/2 0 and 20 0
• CIRCULAR PITCH: It is the distance measured on the circumference of the pitch circle from a point of one tooth to the corresponding point on the next tooth. Pc usually denotes it.
Pc = D/T
D = Diameter of pitch circle
T = No. of teeth on the wheel
• DIAMETRAL PITCH : It is the ratio of no. of teeth of the pitch circle diameter in millimeter. 'Pd' denotes its.
Pd=T/∏D=/Pc [Pc=∏D/T]
T = No. of teeth
D = Pitch circle diameter.
• MODULE : It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in mm to the No.of teeth. It is usually denoted by 'm'.
• m=D/T.
NOTE:
The recommended series of modules in Indian standards are 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40 and 50.
CONDITION FOR CONSTANT VELOCITY RATION OF GEARS -LAW OF GEARING:
If D & D2 are pitch circle diameter of wheel 1 and 2 having teeth Ti and T2 respectively. Then Velocity ratio = D1/ D2 = T2 / T1
STANDARD PROPORTIONS OF GEAR SYSTEM:
S.NO. FARTICULARS 20° STUB INVOLUTE SYSTEM
1. ADDENDUM 0.8 m
2. DEDENDUM 1 m
3. WORKING DEPTH 1.60m
4. MINIMUM TOT AI DEPTH 1.80m
5. TOOTH THICKNESS 1.5708m
6. MINIMUM CLEARENCE 0.2m
7. FILLET RADIUS 0.4m